3 infection and Response - Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What are non-communicable diseases?
Non-infectious diseases i.e. can’t be passed between organisms
Define ‘carcinogens’.
Cancer-causing substances
What is the difference between correlation and causal mechanism?
Correlation: A link between two; Causal: One thing leads to the other
State a risk factor for non-communicable diseases.
Lifestyle, substance present in body/environment
Define ‘tumour’.
A mass of cells grown abnormally (uncontrollable growth)
Define ‘benign tumours’.
Growth of abnormal cells contained in one area within a membrane, don’t invade other tissues
Define ‘malignant tumours’.
Tumours that invade other tissues and can spread to other parts of the body through blood to form secondary tumours
Which tumour leads to cancer - benign or malignant?
Malignant
Name a risk factor of developing cancer.
Smoking, obesity, common viruses, UV exposure, genetic factors
Name the two ways to treat cancer.
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy
What is used in chemotherapy?
Chemicals to kill cancer cells, but also healthy cells in the process
What is used in radiotherapy?
Targeted doses of radiation
What is the effect of nicotine in tobacco smoke?
Addictiveness
Name the carcinogen in tobacco smoke.
Tar
Briefly describe how tobacco smoke causes lung infection.
Stops cilia from working, excess mucus (trapping bacteria in lungs)