3. Infection and Response Flashcards
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause disease
What are infectious diseases?
Diseases that can be passed from organism to organism through water, air, direct contact and bites
What are the four types of pathogens?
Bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi
Who was Ignaz Semmelweis?
The man who found out that disease can be spread by not washing your hands ie. direct contact
What type of pathogens are measles?
Viruses
What are the symptoms of measles?
Fever and red skin rash
Treatment / prevention for measles?
People get vaccinated as children
How are measles spread?
Inhalation of droplets from sneezes
What type of pathogen is HIV?
Virus
What type of pathogen is tobacco mosaic virus?
Virus
What type of pathogen is salmonella?
Bacteria
What type of pathogen is gonorrhoea?
Bacteria
What type of pathogen is rose black spot?
Fungi
What type of pathogen is malaria?
Protist
What are the symptoms of HIV?
Flu, and if not treated it can attack the immune system
What are the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus?
Mosaic pattern, discolouration that affects plant growth
What are the symptoms of salmonella?
Fever, cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
Thick yellow/green discharge from vagina or penis, pain when urinating
What are the symptoms of rose black spot?
Purple/black spots develop on leaves. They turn yellow and fall off
What are the symptoms of malaria?
Recurrent episodes of fever
Treatment / Prevention for HIV?
Antiretroviral drugs
Treatment / Prevention for tobacco mosaic virus?
No treatment
Treatment / Prevention for salmonella?
Poultry vaccinate
Treatment / Prevention for gonorrhoea?
Antibiotic penicillin or barrier method e.g. condom
Treatment / Prevention for rose black spot?
Use fungicides or remove leaves infected
Treatment / Prevention for malaria?
Prevent mosquitos from breeding, use nets to avoid being bitten
How is HIV spread?
sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids e.g. using the same needles after a blood test
How does tobacco mosaic virus affect plants?
Affects growth due to lack of photosynthesis
How is salmonella spread?
Bacteria spread in food or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions
How is gonorrhoea spread?
Sexual contact
How does rose black spot affect plants?
Affects growth as photosynthesis is reduced
How is rose black spot spread?
By water or wind
How is malaria spread?
Life cycles that includes a mosquito
What are the body’s main barriers to disease?
- tears
- cilia and mucus
- HCl
- skin
How are tears a defence method?
Contain enzymes which make them mildly antiseptic
How is mucus a defence method?
In the respiratory system mucus gathers bacteria which is swallowed
How is HCl in the stomach a defence method?
It contains acid which kill bacteria