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CompTIA A+Core 2 (220-1102) > 3. Identifying OS Types & Features > Flashcards

3. Identifying OS Types & Features Flashcards

1
Q

2 things that workstation refers to?

A
  • Business client PC
  • Powerful PC
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2
Q

What is the kernel?

A

low-level code that mediates access to system resources

i.e. CPU, RAM, & I/O devices

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3
Q

What is UNIX?

A

Trademark for a family of OSs

These OSs were orignally devloped at Bell Laboratories in the late 1960s

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4
Q

What is Linux?

A

Open-source OS kernel derived from UNIX

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5
Q

2 release models that Linux distros may use?

A
  • Standard release model
  • Rolling release model
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6
Q

How do Linux distros using standard release models work?

A

Using versioning to distinguish between updates

Some versions may be designated at long-term support (LTS), meaning that the distro owner will undertake to provide support & updates for that version for a longer period.

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7
Q

How do Linux distros using rolling release models work?

A

Delivering updates once the distro owner considers them to be stable

There is no distinction between versions

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8
Q

What is Chrome OS derived from?

A

Linux via Chromium

Chromium is an open-source OS

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9
Q

What is Chrome OS developed to run on?

A

Chromebooks & Chromebox

Theyre designed for budget & education markets

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10
Q

What apps does Chrome OS run?

A

web apps

Web applications are software hosted on a server that the client accesses via a browser.

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11
Q

How does a client connect to a web app in Chrome OS?

A

Using a browser

The client computer relies on the server for processing.

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12
Q

What is an advantage of Chrome OS regarding hardware requirements?

A

The client computer does not need to be particularly powerful

This is because the server does most of the processing.

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13
Q

What type of apps can be used offline on Chrome OS?

A

Packaged apps

These apps are specifically designed to function without an Internet connection.

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14
Q

What types of apps can Chrome OS run besides web applications?

A

Android Apps

This allows for a broader range of applications to be used on the platform.

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15
Q

What iPad models use iPadOS?

A

2019 & up

Older ones use iOS

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16
Q

What is the theoretical maximum volume size for NTFS?

The max volume size matters because it directly impacts storage capacity, performance, scalability, and compatibility.

A

16 Exabytes

16,777,216 TB

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17
Q

What are the actual limits for NTFS volume sizes?

A

137GB-256TB

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18
Q

What is the purpose of journaling in file systems?

A

To recover data after power outages and crashes

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19
Q

5 key features of NTFS?

A
  • Journaling
  • Snapshots
  • POSIX Compliance
  • Indexing
  • Dynamic Disks
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20
Q

What is the purpose of Snapshots in file systems?

A

Allows Volume Shadow Copy to create read-only file copies, even if locked by another process

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21
Q

Name one security feature of NTFS.

A

File permissions

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22
Q

What is POSIX compliance in NTFS?

A

Support for UNIX/Linux compatibility

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23
Q

What is the maximum possible NTFS volume size in the latest Windows updates?

A

8 Petabytes (PB)

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24
Q

What is a significant drawback of NTFS?

A

Not fully supported by OSs other than Windows

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25
Q

What is the max file size supported by FAT32?

A

4 GB minus 1 byte

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26
Q

What is exFAT file system designed for?

A

Removable hard drives and flash media

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27
Q

What is the recommended max size for exFAT volumes?

A

512 TB

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28
Q

True or False: FAT32 supports reliability features like NTFS.

Features that protect data integrity & help recover from errors

A

False

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29
Q

What feature of NTFS allows administrators to manage user access?

A

Quota management

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30
Q

What does the Indexing Service do in NTFS?

A

Creates a catalog of file and folder locations and properties

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31
Q

What is the advantage of Dynamic Disks in NTFS?

A

Combines space on multiple physical disks into volumes

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32
Q

What file systems do most Linux distros use for mass storage devices?

A

ext

The most common versions are ext3 and ext4.

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33
Q

What is ext3 file system known for?

A

Adding support for journaling

Journaling helps protect against data corruption.

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34
Q

Which file system typically represents the best choice for new Linux systems?

A

ext4

ext4 delivers better performance than ext3.

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35
Q

What other file systems can Linux support aside from ext3 and ext4?

A

FAT/FAT32 (designated as VFAT)

Linux can also use Network File System (NFS) for remote storage.

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36
Q

What is the proprietary file system used by Apple devices?

A

APFS

APFS supports journaling, snapshots, permissions/ownership, and encryption.

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37
Q

Fill in the blank: The Ubuntu installer applies default _______ formatting to the target disk.

A

ext4

ext4 is the default choice for many Linux distributions.

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38
Q

4 features does the Apple File System (APFS) support?

A
  • Journaling
  • Snapshots
  • Permissions/Ownership
  • Encryption

APFS is designed to optimize performance and security on Apple devices.

39
Q

What is a major challenge in supporting a computing environment with different operating systems?

A

Compatibility concerns

Compatibility concerns can include OS compatibility with hardware, software app compatibility with an OS, host-to-host compatibility for data exchange, and user training requirements.

40
Q

What is a specific hardware requirement for Windows 11?

A

Support for TPM version 2

This requirement limits compatibility with older PCs and laptops.

41
Q

What is required for devices running different operating systems to communicate on data networks?

A

Support for common network protocols

Operating systems must allow data to be exchanged in a standard format.

42
Q

How are OS compatibility concerns being alleviated?

A

Using web apps and cloud services

Web applications only require browser compatibility, not full OS compatibility.

43
Q

What is the main compatibility issue for web applications?

A

Supporting a touch interface and a wide range of display resolutions

These factors are crucial for devices that connect to web applications.

44
Q

Purpose of public beta phase of a vendor life-cycle?

A

Gather user feedback

LIke Microsoft’s Windows Insider Program

Users can sign up to use early release Windows versions and feature updates.

45
Q

What occurs during the supported phase of a vendor life cycle?

A

Patch updates

For security, operational issues, & feature upgrades

Supported devices should be able to install OS upgrade versions.

46
Q

What occurs during the extended support phase of a vendor life cycle?

A

Product is no longer commercially available, but still gets critical patches

Devices may or may not be able to install OS upgrades.

47
Q

what does an EOL system mean?

A

No longer supported & does not receive security updates

EOL systems represent a critical vulnerability for a company’s security systems if still in use.

48
Q

What are the 4 typical phases of a vendor life cycle?

A
  • Public beta phase
  • Supported phase
  • Extended support phase
  • EOL phase

Each phase has specific policies and procedures related to software support.

49
Q

What are the two versions of Windows 10 available?

A

32-bit (x86) and 64-bit (x64) editions

Each version caters to different CPU architectures.

50
Q

What is the max memory that 32-bit Windows editions can utilize?

A

4 GB

This limitation is due to the addressing capabilities of 32-bit architecture.

51
Q

Can a 64-bit CPU run 32-bit applications?

A

Yes

However, a 32-bit CPU cannot run 64-bit applications.

52
Q

What is required for 64-bit editions of Windows to run hardware devices?

A

64-bit hardware device drivers authorized (‘signed’) by Microsoft

If a vendor has not produced a 64-bit driver, the hardware will not be usable.

53
Q

What CPU architectures does Windows 10 with feature update 2004 and later support?

A

64-bit only

This marks a shift in system requirements for Windows 10 & beyond (including windows 11)

54
Q

Is Windows 11 available in 32-bit versions?

A

No, it is 64-bit only

This aligns with the trend towards 64-bit computing.

55
Q

What feature does Windows 11 improve regarding desktop management?

A

Support for multiple desktops

This allows users to separate different types of work environments.

56
Q

What Windows edition is primarily for domestic consumers & SOHO business use?

A

Windows Home

57
Q

Does Windows 10 Home have any unique features compared to other editions?

A

No, it has fewer features

58
Q

Can Windows Home edition join a Windows domain network?

A Windows domain network is a centralized network configuration used in businesses and organizations to manage computers, users, and resources

59
Q

What is required to set up Windows 11 Home edition?

A

An Internet connection and a Microsoft account

60
Q

How many licensing models does Windows Home support?

61
Q

What does an OEM license entail for Windows Home?

A

The OS is pre-installed to a device and is valid for that device only

The computer vendor is responsible for support under the OEM license

62
Q

Can a retail license for Windows Home be transferred between computers?

A

Yes, but it can only be installed on a single device at any one time

A retail Windows Home license can be transferred to another computer, but it can only be activated on one device at a time. Deactivate it on the old device before activating it on the new one.

63
Q

What rights come with a retail license for Windows Home?

A

Windows 11 upgrade rights

64
Q

What is a limitation of Windows Home regarding CPU support?

A

It does not support the use of multiple CPUs

65
Q

What is the maximum number of cores supported by Windows Home?

A

Up to 64 cores

66
Q

What is the max RAM supported by the 64-bit edition of Windows Home?

67
Q

What Windows edition is designed for small & medium-sized businesses?

A

Windows Pro

Windows Pro can be obtained using OEM or retail licensing.

68
Q

What is a key feature of Windows Pro for Workstations?

A

Support for more advanced hardware

69
Q

How is Windows Enterprise obtained?

A

Via volume licensing

70
Q

What Windows editions are designed for licensing by schools & colleges?

A

Windows Education & Pro Educations

71
Q

What is the principal distinguishing feature of the Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions?

A

Ability to join a domain network

72
Q

In a workgroup network, how are user accounts managed?

These are features for Windows 10/11 Home & Pro, which are alternatives for domain networking (Windows 10/11 Enterprise & Education)

A

Each machine and its user account database are managed separately

73
Q

What role do Domain Controller (DC) servers play in a corporate network?

A

They configure user accounts

74
Q

What is the purpose of Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc)?

This applet is only available for Windows 10/11 Pro, Enterprise, & Education

A

To create and apply OS and software app settings

75
Q

Is the Group Policy Editor available in Windows Home edition?

76
Q

What does BitLocker do?

A

Encrypts all data on a disk drive

This protects data even if the devices in stolen

77
Q

Is BitLocker supported in Windows Home edition?

78
Q

Does the Home edition support an RDP server?

79
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ edition of Windows has management features for network administrators.

80
Q

What is the purpose of volume licensing for Windows?

A

Create custom installation images for rapid deployment

This is beneficial for businesses managing multiple devices.

81
Q

What additional support does Windows Pro for Workstations provide compared to Windows Pro?

A

More max RAM & advanced hardware technologies

Advanced hardware like persistent system RAM (NVDIMM)

This makes it suitable for high-performance computing tasks.

82
Q

Which editions of Windows are only available via volume licensing?

A

Windows Enterprise and Education editions

These editions are tailored for businesses and educational institutions.

83
Q

3 features Windows Enterprise edition has that is not in Pro edition?

A
  • DirectAccess VPN
  • AppLocker execution control
  • Miscrosoft Desktop Optimizatoin pack

DirectAccess VPN: Secure remote access without a VPN connection.

AppLocker: Controls which apps can run on a system.

MDOP: Tools for managing and optimizing Windows in organizations.

84
Q

What is required for Windows 11 Pro guided setup as of feature version 22H2?

A

An Internet connection and a Microsoft account

This requirement is applicable if the computer is designated for personal use.

85
Q

What are the multiprocessing support capabilities for Pro and Education editions of Windows?

A

2-way multiprocessing and up to 128 cores

2-way multiprocessing uses two processors to improve performance by handling tasks simultaneously.

86
Q

What are the RAM support limitations for Pro and Education editions?

A

Restricted to 2 TB

This is sufficient for most business applications.

87
Q

What are the RAM support limitations for Pro for Workstations and Enterprise editions?

A

Restricted to 6 TB

This allows for high-memory applications and data processing.

88
Q

True or False: Windows Home edition supports multiple processors.

A

False

Pro/Enterprise/Education editions have less restrictive hardware limits.

89
Q

What does an in-place upgrade mean?

A

Setup program for the new version is launched within the current OS

Applications, configuration settings, and data files should all be preserved as long as they are compatible with the new version.

90
Q

What should be done before performing an upgrade?

A

Run a compatibility advisor tool

Any software and hardware devices that will not be compatible with the new version should be uninstalled.

91
Q

Can you upgrade from Windows 7 Home Premium to Windows 10 Pro?

A

Yes, you can upgrade to the same or higher edition

You cannot upgrade from a Home to an Enterprise edition.

92
Q

What happens when downgrading the edition from Windows 7 Professional to Windows 10 Home?

A

It retains documents and other data, not apps and settings

Downgrading from an Enterprise edition is not supported.

93
Q

How are feature updates for Windows 10 identified?

A

name and number

For example, Windows 10 Anniversary Update is identified with the number 1607.

94
Q

What does the number in a Windows 10 feature update represent?

For example, Windows 10 Anniversary Update is identified with the number 1607.

A

year and month of release

For example, 1607 corresponds to July 2016.

CompTIA A+Core 2 (220-1102) (4 decks)

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