3 - Hypothesis Testing Flashcards
What is a hypothesis?
A formal statement predicting the relationship between two or more variables
What is the general goal of hypothesis testing?
To rule out chance (sampling error) as a plausible explanation for the results of a research study.
What does a null hypothesis claim?
A null hypothesis claims no difference in the population.
AKA. the effect is 0.
What does the alternative hypothesis claim?
An alternative hypothesis claims that the null hypothesis is false.
When do you use a t distribution?
When the population standard deviation is unknown.
What does a t distribution use instead of the population standard deviation?
The sample standard deviation.
True or False: if the sample mean (post-treatment) is different from the original sample mean, it is always true that the treatment caused a change, or that there is an effect.
False.
What is a Type I Error?
(False Positive) When you reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis, but the null hypothesis is true.
What is a Type II Error?
(False Negative) When you accept the null hypothesis but the null hypothesis is false
True or False: a significant effect does not necessarily mean a large effect.
True.
