3. Homologous Series 3 Flashcards
State which of the carboxylic acids, from methanoic acid to octanoic acid, are miscible.
Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid and butanoic acid.
As the size of a carboxylic acid increases, the solubility _______.
Decreases.
As the size of a carboxylic acid increases, the melting/boiling points _______.
Explain why this occurs.
Increase.
The larger the molecule, the stronger the intermolecular forces, and hence the greater the melting/boiling point.
Name the functional group found in all carboxylic acids.
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Give the general formula for the carboxylic acids.
C(n)H(2n+1)COOH
State whether the carboxylic acids are saturated or unsaturated.
Saturated.
Explain what is meant by an “acid”.
A substance with a pH < 7
[A substance with more H+ ions than OH- ions]
Explain what is meant by a “base”.
A substance with a pH > 7
[A substance with more OH- ions than H+ ions]
Explain what is meant by an “alkali”.
A soluble base.
Explain what is meant by a “salt”.
A substance with a pH = 7
[A substance with the same number of H+ ions as OH- ions.]
Define “neutralisation reaction”.
A reaction between an acid and a base, producing a neutral salt.
Name the three main types of base.
Metal hydroxide, metal oxide and metal carbonate.
Complete the word equations:
Acid + Metal Hydroxide -> _________
Acid + Metal Oxide -> ____________
Acid + Metal Carbonate -> _________
Acid + Metal -> _________
Acid + Metal Hydroxide -> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Oxide -> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Carbonate -> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen
Explain how organic salts (those from carboxylic acids) are named.
The first part is the metal from the base.
The second part comes from the acid, with the ending changed to -oate.
Name the first eight carboxylic acids.
Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid.
