3. Halogenoalkanes Flashcards
why is halogenoalkanes used as flame retardants and anaesthetics?
Unlike some of the elements from which they are formed, such as fluorine and chlorine, many halogenoalkanes are relatively unreactive under normal conditions which leads to their use as flame retardants and anaesthetics.
what was an early anaesthetic?
chloroform.
what was the systematic name of chloroform?
trichloromethane
Nowadays you may receive a gas called what as an anaesthetic?
halothane
what is the condition of halogenoalkanes under normal and other other conditions?
under normal conditions- relatively unreactive
other conditions, such as high in the Earth’s stratosphere- react in completely different ways
alkenes undergo addition reactions with reagents such as
bromine and HBr
Haloalkanes are derivatives of
alkanes
We can consider all haloalkanes to be members of a class of compounds and expect them all to show what?
similar properties and behaviour
If we consider how readily a haloalkane undergoes a particular reaction, we find that it depends on
the nature of both the alkyl group and the halogen
the conversion of a haloalkane, R–X, to an alcohol, R–OH, can be carried out using what?
using hydroxide ions from NaOH in a suitable solvent
the rate of the reaction of the conversion of a haloalkane, R–X, to an alcohol, R–OH using hydroxide ions from NaOH in a suitable solvent varies very considerably, depending on
the nature of the alkyl group R and on whether X is I, Br, Cl or F
Halogenoalkanes have the general formula
CnH2n+1X or RX
where X is a halogen
halogenoalkanes may be classified according to what?
the position of the halogen functional group in a similar way to alcohols
how would halogenoalkanes may be classified according to the position of the halogen functional group in a similar way to alcohols
primary halogenoalkane
secondary halogenoalkane
tertiary halogenoalkane
Halogenoalkanes behave differently depending on what?
on which other groups are attached to the carbon that the halogen is attached to
(you will see this trend with other functional groups)
