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Cardio > 3. Fluid Regulation And Perfusion System > Flashcards

3. Fluid Regulation And Perfusion System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the CVS?

A

Circulate blood to cells and tissues
Deliver oxygen and nutrients
To remove waste products

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2
Q

Which side of the heart operates under higher pressure?

A

Left

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3
Q

What type of circuit is the left side of the heart?

A

Systemic

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4
Q

What type of system is the right side of the heart?

A

Pulmonary

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5
Q

Where is the largest amount of blood distributed in the body?

A

Systemic veins and venuled at rest

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6
Q

What organs receive the largest part of cardiac output?

A

[lungs] Kidneys

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7
Q

What are the primary regulators of systemic pressure?

A

Arterioles

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8
Q

Why must there be a substantial pressure drop across vasculature?

A

To prevent end organ damage

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9
Q

What is st

A
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10
Q

What is your systolic pressure?

A

Maximum pressure that is being pushed out of the heart

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11
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

The resting pressure - least pressure during the cardiac cycle

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12
Q

What layer of the blood vessel walls controls the diameter of vasculature?

A

Smooth muscle

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13
Q

What is the function of pericytes within capillaries?

A

Controls diameter/ paracrine effects

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14
Q

What are the three main mechanisms by which substances can move in and out of capillaries?

A

Diffusion
hydrostatic pressure
Pinocytosis

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15
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Movement into capillaries

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16
Q

What is the function of pre-capillary sphincters?

A

Control capillary flow

17
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

18
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A

They are widespread

19
Q

Rank the three types of capillaries from most permeable to least permeable?

A

Discontinuous -> fenestrated -> continuous

20
Q

How much more permeable are fenestrated to continuous capillaries?

A

10x

21
Q

What type of capillary allows blood cell transfer?

A

Discontinuous

22
Q

What is capillary hydrostatic pressure CHP?

A

Pressure exerted by blood against the wall of the capillary, the force that drives fluid out of the capillaries and into the tissue.

23
Q

What is the name for pressure created by the concentration fo colloidal proteins in the blood?

A

Blood colloidal osmotic pressure BOCP

24
Q

How do you calculate net filtration pressure?

A

CHP-BCOP

25
Q

What are four functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Transport [clean] fluids back to the blood
Drains excess fluids from tissues
Removes debris from cells of the body
Transports fats from teh digestive system

26
Q

What does fluid balance in the CVS ensure sufficient and efficient movement of?

A

Electrolytes, nutrients, gasses

27
Q

What makes up 91% of plasma?

A

Water

28
Q

What is dehydration and what are some causes of it?

A

Excessive loss of body fluid
Sweat, urination, diarrhoea

29
Q

How does dehydration affect blood tonicity?

A

Increased

30
Q

What does increased blood tonicity mean with reference to substances?

A

Substances int he blood become more concentrated due to a reduced fluid

31
Q

How does dehydration affect blood volume and blood pressure?

A

Decreases both

32
Q

What is hyperhydration?

A

Excessive water intake increasing blood volume

33
Q

How does hyperhydration affect blood tonicity?

A

Reduce
- change in electrolyte balance

34
Q

What receptors detect changes in osmotic and volume/pressure of blood?

A

Osmoreceptors
Baroreceptors

35
Q

What is the name for a loss of blood supply?

A

Ischaemia

36
Q

What is the relationship between blood volume and blood pressure?

A

Blood volume is proportional to blood pressure

37
Q

What can Ischaemia lead to if not resolved?

A

Infarct [tissue death]

Cardio (9 decks)

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