3. Fluid Regulation And Perfusion System Flashcards
What are the main functions of the CVS?
Circulate blood to cells and tissues
Deliver oxygen and nutrients
To remove waste products
Which side of the heart operates under higher pressure?
Left
What type of circuit is the left side of the heart?
Systemic
What type of system is the right side of the heart?
Pulmonary
Where is the largest amount of blood distributed in the body?
Systemic veins and venuled at rest
What organs receive the largest part of cardiac output?
[lungs] Kidneys
What are the primary regulators of systemic pressure?
Arterioles
Why must there be a substantial pressure drop across vasculature?
To prevent end organ damage
What is st
What is your systolic pressure?
Maximum pressure that is being pushed out of the heart
What is diastolic pressure?
The resting pressure - least pressure during the cardiac cycle
What layer of the blood vessel walls controls the diameter of vasculature?
Smooth muscle
What is the function of pericytes within capillaries?
Controls diameter/ paracrine effects
What are the three main mechanisms by which substances can move in and out of capillaries?
Diffusion
hydrostatic pressure
Pinocytosis
What is pinocytosis?
Movement into capillaries
What is the function of pre-capillary sphincters?
Control capillary flow
What are the three types of capillaries?
Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous
Where are continuous capillaries found?
They are widespread
Rank the three types of capillaries from most permeable to least permeable?
Discontinuous -> fenestrated -> continuous
How much more permeable are fenestrated to continuous capillaries?
10x
What type of capillary allows blood cell transfer?
Discontinuous
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure CHP?
Pressure exerted by blood against the wall of the capillary, the force that drives fluid out of the capillaries and into the tissue.
What is the name for pressure created by the concentration fo colloidal proteins in the blood?
Blood colloidal osmotic pressure BOCP
How do you calculate net filtration pressure?
CHP-BCOP
What are four functions of the lymphatic system?
Transport [clean] fluids back to the blood
Drains excess fluids from tissues
Removes debris from cells of the body
Transports fats from teh digestive system
What does fluid balance in the CVS ensure sufficient and efficient movement of?
Electrolytes, nutrients, gasses
What makes up 91% of plasma?
Water
What is dehydration and what are some causes of it?
Excessive loss of body fluid
Sweat, urination, diarrhoea
How does dehydration affect blood tonicity?
Increased
What does increased blood tonicity mean with reference to substances?
Substances int he blood become more concentrated due to a reduced fluid
How does dehydration affect blood volume and blood pressure?
Decreases both
What is hyperhydration?
Excessive water intake increasing blood volume
How does hyperhydration affect blood tonicity?
Reduce
- change in electrolyte balance
What receptors detect changes in osmotic and volume/pressure of blood?
Osmoreceptors
Baroreceptors
What is the name for a loss of blood supply?
Ischaemia
What is the relationship between blood volume and blood pressure?
Blood volume is proportional to blood pressure
What can Ischaemia lead to if not resolved?
Infarct [tissue death]
