3. Factors influencing health status and burden of disease Flashcards
Biological factors
Relates to the body and its systems that impact on health and wellbeing.
e.g body weight, blood pressure, glucose regulation, blood cholesterol, birth weight, genetics
Sociocultural factors
Are the social and cultural conditions in which people are born, live, grow, work and age in
e.g unemployment, cultural factors, access to healthcare, early life experiences, socioeconomic status (income+occupation+education), social connections and social exclusion, social isolation, access to healthcare, food security
Environmental factors
The physical surroundings in which we live, play and work.
e.g work environment, geographical location, infrastructure, climate and climate change, housing,
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Neural Tube Defects
condition characterised by damage to the brain and spinal cord during prenatal development
Anemia
condition characterised by a lad of healthy red blood cells
Smoking -
Differences in population groups:
More common in low SES groups.
More common in males than females.
More common in Indigenous than non-Indigenous people.
Smoking -
Burden of Disease:
Smoking is a leading cause of premature death and disability adjusted life years (DALY’s)
Smoke exposure in early life can increase the risk of asthma - a leading cause of (YLD’s)
Smoking -
Health status:
Smoking during pregnancy = increased risk of low birth weight = increases infant mortality rates and U5MR
Smoking increases the risk of many cancers = increasing the incidence of cancer which increases mortality rate.
Alcohol -
Difference in population groups:
Those living in remote areas are more likely to consume dangerous levels of alcohol compared to those in major cities
Alcohol -
Burden of Disease:
Alcohol contains calories high contribute to weight gain and obesity when consumed in excess
increases the incidence of obesity related conditions = (Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes)
Alcohol increases the risk of mental health issues leading to increased risk of suicide and self harm contributing to YLD and YLL.
Alcohol -
Health Status:
Alcohol is filtered through the liver and over time, can contribute to liver diseases such as cirrhosis
Increased incidence of liver conditions and premature death, decreasing LE and increases MR
High Body Mass -
Difference in population groups:
More common in those living in rural and remote areas.
More common in males than females.
More common from those in low SES groups.
More common in indigenous groups.
How is BMI calculated?
BMI = weight kg divided by height m2 squared
A High BMI>25
Obese BMI>30
High Body Mass -
Burden of Disease:
Increased risk of mental health issues such as depression. Depression is one of the leading causes of YLD in Australia.
High Body Mass -
Health Status:
High BMI puts strain on the heart and increases blood pressure. Increases the risk of heart attack and stroke increasing mortality and morbidity.
Places extra strain on joints, increasing the risk of arthritis, increasing rates of morbidity and YLD due to arthritis.
What are some of the effects of alcohol misuse?
Mental health issues = Injury and self harm
Liver disease = cancers
Prenatal/Infant health outcomes - Foetal alcohol syndrome
health concerns with underconsumption of fruit + vegetables
neural tube defects,
high BMI,
Various cancers,
Cardiovascular disease,
What are free radicals?
molecule formed when oxygen is metabolised.
Free radicals can damage healthy body cells and increase the risk of disease such as cardiovascular disease and cancer
Health concerns with underconsumption of dairy
Osteoporosis Cardiovascular disease Colorectal cancers Type 2 diabetes Dental caries
Health concerns with high intake of salt
hypertensions
heart failure/ attack
stroke
osteoporosis
Health concerns with high intake of sugar
high BMI and associated conditions including CVD some cancers and type 2 diabetes
Dental caries and dental diseases
Health concerns with low intake of fibre
High BMI
High cholesterol
Type 2 diabetes
How does low intake of fibre and iron contribute to burden of disease
Contributes to DALY associated with colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease
Health concerns with low intake of iron
anemia
