3. Emergency Procedures - AI Cards Flashcards
How should a pilot respond to an ENGINE OUT/low rotor RPM warning?
The pilot should respond immediately by adjusting collective to maintain rotor RPM within limits and then check engine instruments and other indications to confirm engine trouble.
What actions should a pilot take if experiencing engine failure while cruising at 500 feet AGL or above?
The pilot should adjust collective pitch to maintain rotor speed, apply pedal pressure to control yaw, and adjust cyclic control to manage airspeed and flight path.
Explain the relationship between torque and yaw during an engine failure.
The amount of yaw during an engine failure is dependent on the amount of torque at the moment of power loss; high torque causes a large yaw, while low torque results in a smaller yaw.
What is the minimum rate of descent with power off in a helicopter?
The minimum rate of descent with power off will be attained at 60 KIAS and 410 NR.
How can a pilot extend glide distance during an engine out situation?
A pilot can extend glide distance by operating at 80 KIAS and maintaining 410 NR.
What should a pilot do after confirming a complete loss of power?
The pilot should place the twistgrip in cutoff, close the fuel shutoff valve, select a landing area, and maneuver as required.
Describe the procedure for restoring rotor RPM during an autorotation.
To restore rotor RPM during an autorotation, the pilot should lower collective prior to flare out.
Describe the procedure for landing after an engine failure above 12 feet AGL.
Flare as required to reduce forward speed and rate of descent, level the aircraft before ground contact, and touch down in a level attitude while increasing collective pitch to cushion landing. Avoid aft cyclic or rapid lowering of collective pitch during initial ground contact.
How should a pilot respond to a power failure during takeoff or low-level flight?
The collective pitch must be initially lowered to maintain rotor speed. The amount and duration of collective reduction depend on the airspeed and height above the ground at which the power loss occurs.
What actions should be taken during an engine failure while hovering below 12 feet AGL?
Do not reduce collective pitch, apply right pedal to prevent yawing, and increase collective pitch as necessary to cushion landing.
Define the indications of partial power loss in the engine.
Under partial power conditions, the engine may operate smoothly with reduced power or erratically with intermittent surges of power.
What should a pilot do if the engine operates erratically during partial power loss?
Turning the start pump ON may smooth out the erratic operation and/or restore power, enabling the pilot to fly to a favorable landing area. However, the need to land should not be disregarded.
Describe the conditions under which a pilot should not attempt an engine restart.
Do not attempt a restart if a malfunction is suspected, at low altitude, or when time is critical.
Explain the procedure for attempting an engine restart when altitude and time permit.
Close the twist grip to cutoff position, press the start/ignition button immediately, and if N1 is 18 percent or above, open the twist grip to ground idle. Maintain safe autorotational airspeed.
What is the recommended N1 speed range for the coolest and fastest engine restarts?
N1 speeds of 25 to 40 percent are preferred for the coolest and fastest restarts.
Describe the indications of low rotor speed in a helicopter.
The indications of low rotor speed include the red ENGINE OUT warning indicator being ON, an audible warning in the headset, a drop in rotor RPM, and a change in noise level.
Explain the conditions that can lead to low rotor RPM.
Low rotor RPM can be associated with engine failure, transient rotor droop during large, rapid increases in power, or governor failure producing an underspeed.
How should a pilot respond to a low rotor RPM warning?
Adjusting the collective to maintain rotor RPM within limits and check other caution/warning indicators and engine instruments for engine trouble.
What actions should be taken if a fire occurs on the ground or after landing?
The engine should be shut down, crew and passengers evacuated, and firefighting should begin immediately. A ‘MAYDAY’ call should be made if possible.
Describe the steps to ventilate the cabin during a smoke or fume incident.
Open cabin heat if the source of smoke is the cabin heat duct, open fresh air vent, and pilot/cabin door vents. If necessary, open the pilot’s door (airspeed below 130 KIAS) to expedite smoke and fume evacuation.
How should a pilot respond to a cabin fire while still airborne?
The use of a fire extinguisher on a cabin fire while airborne is not recommended and should only be considered after all other means to extinguish and control the fire have been tried. The pilot’s first responsibility is to fly the helicopter and land immediately.
Define the procedure for handling an engine fire during starting.
To extinguish an engine fire during start, twist the grip to shut off fuel, cut off the motor until the temperature is below 150°C, and pull to close the fuel shut-off valve.
What actions should be taken if an engine fire occurs during flight at low altitude?
Land immediately, twist the fuel shutoff valve, cut off the battery/external power switch, and evacuate passengers and crew as soon as the helicopter is on the ground.
How should a pilot handle an engine fire during flight at high altitude?
Consider prevailing circumstances such as altitude, available landing areas, and confirmation of engine fire to determine whether to execute a power-on approach or a power-off autorotational descent.
