3. DNA and the production of proteins

Question 1

what is the structure of DNA?

Answer 1

double stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs

Question 2

what is a gene?

Answer 2

a section of DNA which codes for making a protein to give you a characteristic e.g. eye colour

Question 3

what are the strands that make up DNA made of?

Answer 3

repeating units called nucleotides

Question 4

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

name the parts of the nucleotides

Answer 5

a deoxyribose sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule and a base molecule

Question 6

what are the four DNA base names

Answer 6

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 7

what subunits make up a protein?

Answer 7

amino acids

Question 8

what does the order of DNA bases do?

Answer 8

determine the sequence of amino acids in the chain which determines the structure of a protein. the structure determines its function

Question 9

how many bases code for 1 amino acid?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

genetic code is copied to create…?

Answer 10

a mRNA molecule

Question 11

how is a protein molecule formed?

Answer 11

mRNA carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA out of the nucleus to a ribosome, amino acids arrive at the ribosomes and line up according to the sequence of bases on the mRNA, peptide bonds from between amino acids

Question 12

features of a DNA molecule?

Answer 12

double stranded helix molecule found in nucleus

Question 13

features of a mRNA molecule?

Answer 13

single stranded molecule found in nucleus and cytoplasm