Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-level Biology > 3. digestion fact test > Flashcards

3. digestion fact test Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the mouth in the digestive system

A

carries out
physical breakdown (chewing by teeth which increases surface area)
chemical digestion (salivary amylase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the role of the oesophagus in the digestive system

A

transports food (bolus) from mouth to stomach, facilitated by a wave of muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the role of the stomach in the digestive system

A

carries out physical breakdown (contraction of muscular walls to churn the food), temporarily stores food, carries out chemical digestion (glands release proteases) and contains hydrochloric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the role of the liver in the digestive system

A

produces bile which contains bile salts. these facilitate lipid digestion due to emulsification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system

A

secretes pancreatic juice into small intestine
juice contains proteases, lipases and pancreatic amylase
the juices are alkaline to help create optimum pH in ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the role of the large intestine (colon) in the digestive system

A

absorbs excess water and ions, contains a plethora of bacteria which produce certain vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the role of the rectum in the digestive system

A

stores compacted, indigestible material (faeces) before it is removed from the body via the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happens in the small intestine (ileum) in the digestive system

A

where chemical digestion and absorption of soluble food molecules takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is the small intestine adapted to its functions

A
  • villi and microvilli provide a very large surface area for diffusion of food molecules
  • epithelium is one cell thick for reduced diffusion distance
  • muscle in villi allows movement and increased contact with food molecules
  • rich blood supply to maintain diffusion gradient
  • lacteals to allow lipid transport
  • epithelial cells have many mitochondria to produce ATP and co-transport proteins for active transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is physical digestion

A

breaking down large food molecules into smaller pieces, increases surface area for chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is chemical digestion

A

hydrolysis of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones, completed by enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do endopeptidases do

A

hydrolyse peptide bonds between amino acids in central region of a protein molecule forming a series of peptide molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do exopeptidases do

A

hydrolyse peptide bonds on the terminal amino acids of peptide molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do dipeptidases do

A

hydrolyse bond between 2 amino acids of a dipeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what enzymes are involved in lipid digestion

A

lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is lipase made and where does it work

A

made in pancreas
works in small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the substrate which binds to the lipase

A

triglyceride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the product formed after lipase action

A

fatty acids and monoglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what enzymes are involved in protein digestion

A

endopeptidases
exopeptidases
dipeptidases

20
Q

where are endopeptidases made and where do they work

A

made in stomach and pancreas
work in stomach and small intestine

21
Q

what substrate binds to endopeptidases

A

polypeptides

22
Q

what product is formed from endopeptidase action

A

short chain polypeptides

23
Q

where is exopeptidase made and where does it work

A

made in pancreas
works in small intestine

24
Q

what is the substrate that binds to exopeptidases

A

polypeptides

25
Q

what product is formed from exopeptidase action

A

shorter chain polypeptides

26
Q

where is dipeptidase made and where does it work

A

epithelium of small intestine (membrane-bound)

27
Q

what is the substrate which binds to dipeptidases

A

dipeptides

28
Q

what is the product of dipeptidase action

A

amino acids

29
Q

what enzymes are involved in carbohydrate digestion

A

salivary amylase
pancreatic amylase
maltase
sucrase
lactase

30
Q

where is salivary amylase made and where does it work

A

made in salivary glands
works in mouth

31
Q

what substrate binds to salivary amylase

A

starch

32
Q

what is the product of salivary amylase action

A

maltose

33
Q

where is pancreatic amylase made and where does it work

A

made in pancreas
works in small intestine

34
Q

what is the substrate that binds to pancreatic amylase

A

starch

35
Q

what is the product of pancreatic amylase action

A

maltose

36
Q

where is maltase made and where does it work

A

epithelium of small intestine (membrane-bound)

37
Q

what is the substrate which binds to maltase

A

maltose

38
Q

what product is formed from maltase action

A

glucose

39
Q

where is sucrase made and where does it work

A

epithelium of small intestine

40
Q

what is the substrate that binds to sucrase

A

sucrose

41
Q

what are the products formed from sucrase action

A

glucose and fructose

42
Q

where is lactase made and where does it work

A

epithelium of small intestine

43
Q

what substrate binds to lactase

A

lactose

44
Q

what are the products formed from lactase action

A

glucose and galactose

45
Q

what is the process of the absorption of lipids

A
  • large lipid droplet is emulsified by bile, creating smaller fat droplets. this creates a larger surface area for lipase to hydrolyse triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides
  • they form micelles with bile salts
  • micelles come into contact with epithelial cells lining villi of ileum. micelles release monoglycerides and fatty acids. fat soluble components diffuse into epithelial cell leaving behind fat insoluble bile salts
  • once inside epithelial cell, monoglycerides and fatty acids are transported to smooth endoplasmic reticulum where they are recombined to form triglycerides
  • triglycerides are transported in vesicles to golgi apparatus where they associate with cholesterol and proteins to form chylomicrons
  • chylomicrons move out of epithelial cells via exocytosis. they enter lymphatic capillaries called lacteals that are found in the center of the villi and eventually enter the bloodstream

A-level Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions