Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Simmons NURP 532 Exam 2 > 3: Derm 1 > Flashcards

3: Derm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes hand foot and mouth dz?

A

Coxsackievirus A16

Enterovirus 70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the complications of early stage lyme dz?

A

Fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, neck/joint stiffness (myalgias/arthralgias), lyme meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Subclass of cellulitis that is superficial with sharp, defined borders caused by GABHS.

A

Erysipelas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is treatment for measles?

A

Supportive

Avoid ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment for neurologic lyme dz (2)?

A
  1. Ceftriaxone 2 g once daily IV x 14 days (range 10-28 days)
  2. Doxy 200-400 mg/day in 2 divided doses PO x 10-28 days if intolerant to beta-lactam ABX
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the complications of early disseminated lyme dz?

A

Multiple erythema migrans (3–5 weeks after bite), facial palsy, aseptic meningitis, cardiac involvement (AV block and myocarditis), musculoskeletal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can fifth’s dz cause in a pregnant woman?

A

Hydrops fetalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Organism that causes Lyme disease.

A

Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What diameter is the target rash in lyme dz?

A

5-15 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is vaccination for meningococcemia done?

A

Age 11 and before starting college.

Ages 2-5 for certain high-risk children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Erythematous papule/pustule around a hair follicle.

A

Folliculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F Scarlet fever requires rapid strep test or throat culture.

A

True (caused by same organism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DDx of shingles?

A

HSV

Impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A mild illness also known as German measles.

A

Rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does staph scalded skin syndrome usually start?

A

Respiratory site such as nose or mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reactivation of latent varicella infection that is more common after a mild case of chickenpox.

A

Shingles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are transmission routes for hand foot and mouth?

A

Fecal
Oral
Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Manifests as a subcorneal pustule with erosions and honey-colored crusts

A

Impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is rubella acquired?

A

Respiratory secretions. Invades respiratory epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment for hand foot and mouth?

A

Symptomatic. May require tylenol or benadryl/maalox solution for oral lesions (can use non-salicylate antacid if concerned for salicylates).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What animals/rodents carry the lyme spirochete?

A

Deer
Rodents (white tailed mouse)
Ticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When does varicella occur?

A

Late autumn, spring, and winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is staph scalded skin syndrome called in neonates?

A

Ritter’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the medication treatment for impetigo (6)?

A
  1. Beta lactamase-resistant penicillin or cephalosporin for 5–10 days
  2. Oral if sick. Topical if not sick.
  3. Mupirocin (Bactroban) TID for 5–10 days
  4. Altabax (retapamulin)
  5. Bleach baths
  6. Penicillin alternatives: erythromycin and clarithromycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

May follow a break in the skin caused by nail biting or tearing a hangnail.

A

Acute paronychia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Clinical manifestions: low-grade fever, HA, chills, followed by erythematous facial rash, and lacy, maculopapular rash

A

Fifth’s dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the prevention for rubella?

A

May give IG for pregnant, nonimmunized, exposed women.
MMR vaccine at 12 months and 4 years old.
Vaccine for postpartum women if not immune during pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Localized skin infection, involving dermis and subcutaneous tissue with obstruction of local lymphatics.

A

Cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Chronic paronychia causes inflammation and edema without _____.

A

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

T/F Cellulitis can be associated with fever, chills, and malaise.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Rubbing erythematous skin sideways causes superficial epidermis to slough off.

A

Nikolsky’s sign (staph scalded skin syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In meningococcemia, leakage of the endotoxin in the bacterial cell walls can cause what (3)?

A

DIC
Irreverisible shock
Multisystem failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Treatment for chronic paronychia (2).

A
  1. Antifungals

2. Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the treatment for staph scalded skin syndrome?

A
  1. ICU

2. Systemic antistaph ABX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the treatment for rubella?

A

Supportive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Name 3 sequelae of scarlet fever.

A
  1. Rheumatic fever
  2. Heart problems
  3. Acute glomerulonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Treatment for cellulitis.

A
  1. Outpatient oral antibiotics (Keflex [cephalexin], Augmentin [amoxicillin/clavulanate]) for early onset cellulitis
  2. Consider coverage for MRSA
  3. Follow up closely to watch for sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Upper respiratory prodrome followed by high fever, chills, headache, toxicity, and hypotension.

A

Meningococcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Caused by circulating staph toxin which can exfoliate the skin.

A

Staph scalded skin syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome can be related to _____ if no peeling.

A

nonstrep scarlet fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a complication of fifth’s dz?

A

Aplastic anemia (esp for those with sickle cell or pregnant women)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are long term complications of lyme dz?

A

Chronic arthritis

Neurological sequelae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How is rubella diagnosed?

A

Viral isolates from nasopharyngeal secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

10 complications of impetigo.

A
  1. Sepsis
  2. Arthritis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Lymphadentitis
  5. Toxic shock
  6. Osteomylitis
  7. Endocarditis
  8. Cellulitis
  9. Staph scalded skin syndrome
  10. APSGN (Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is incubation period for varicella?

A

10-21 days (mean 14 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the prophylaxis for lyme dz?

A

Tests not necessary.

Single dose of doxy (200 mg for adults, 4 mg/kg for children >8 with max of 200)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Ill, miserable child with dusky red maculopapular rash on face that spreads to trunk. Rash lasts 7-10 days, but brown macules can last u to 3 weeks.

A

Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Organism that causes meningococcemia.

A

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the treatment for meningococcemia?

A

High dose penicillin G q 4-6 hours

Alternatives are cefotaxime, ceftriasone, and chloramphernicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Describe the 2 phases of staph scalded skin syndrome.

A
  1. Prodromal phase - Bright erythema around mouth, fever, irritability
  2. Exfoliative phase - Tender, inflamed peeling skin. Red oral mucosa. Peeling on trunk.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

T/F Rubella has a periodic occurrence of wintertime epidemics.

A

False. Springtime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Resembles impetigo but extends through to dermis.

A

Ecthyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Most common ages and times for fifth’s disease?

A

School-age children

Late winter or spring

54
Q

T/F N. meningitidis is a gram-negative bacteria that contains endotoxin in the cell walls.

A

True

55
Q

What causes fifth’s dz?

A

Parvovirus B19

56
Q

Recurrent varicella infection.

A

Herpes zoster (Shingles)

57
Q

What organism causes scarlet fever?

A

GABHS

58
Q

Superficial bacterial infection of the epidermis that can be bullous or nonbullous.

A

Impetigo

59
Q

What causes varicella?

A

Herpes virus varicellae

60
Q

In impetigo, bullae result from toxin-producing strains of _____.

A

Staph aureus

61
Q

What is the incubation period of hand foot and mouth/

A

3-6 days after exposure

62
Q

Most common bacteria in acute paronychia (2)?

A
  1. Staph

2. Strep

63
Q

Is N. meningitidis gram positive or negative?

A

Gram negative

64
Q

Upper respiratorycatarrhal prodromal phase that can include Koplik’s spots on buccal mucosa and conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and otitis media.

A

Measles

65
Q

When is varicella contagious?

A

48 hours before onset of rash to 6-7 days after (until all lesions have crusted).

66
Q

Often related to GABHS (Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal) infection.

A

Perianal streptococcal dermatitis

67
Q

Prodrome of low fever, URI symptoms that leads to maculopapular crop lesions. Diffuse vesicles and erythema in varying stages. Poor appetite, malaise, pruritis.

A

Varicella

68
Q

T/F Chronic paronychia can cause secondary nail dystrophy.

A

True

69
Q

What causes rubella?

A

Single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with glucolipid envelope.
Member of the togavirus family.

70
Q

Clinical manifestations: lymphadenopathy, erythematous macular papular discrete rash, mild pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, anorexia, HA, malaise, low-grade fever (LGF).

A

Rubella

71
Q

T/F Meningococcemia contacts do not require chemoprophylaxis.

A

False

72
Q

Non medication treatment for impetigo (2)?

A
  1. Handwashing, cleanliness, exclusion from day care/school for 24–48 hours after start of antibiotic
  2. Cool compresses to debride crusts
73
Q

What is the treatment for herpes zoster (shingles)?

A

Supportive.

Urgent referral to ophthalmology if lesions on face.

74
Q

T/F Scarlet fever rash is nonblanchable.

A

False. Scarlet fever rash blanches. Late stage rocky mountain spotted fever does not.

75
Q

Occurrence between 6 months and 3 years of age. Abrupt onset of illness with high fever. Possible URI symptoms, otitis media. Diffuse erythema of posterior pharynx and soft palate. GI manifestation. Macular erythematous rash during febrile phase or after fever resolves.

A

Roseola

76
Q

Fulminant purpural, urticarial, maculopapular, and petechial eruptions over trunk and extremities.

A

Meningococcemia

77
Q

Most common bugs in chronic paronychia (2)?

A
  1. Candida albicans (yeast)

2. Mixed bacterial flora

78
Q

Meningococcemia has symptoms similar to _____ and _____ which can cause a delay in diagnosis.

A

Flu

Strep

79
Q

Meningococcemia is most often caused by serogroups _____ and _____.

A

B and C

80
Q

What is prevention of measles?

A

MMR at 12 months and 4 years.

81
Q

Linear petechiae in flexural creases that can appear in scarlet fever.

A

Pastia’s lines

82
Q

_____ is teratogenic in pregnant women, while _____ in children can cause pneumonia.

A

Rubella

Measles

83
Q

Which rashes are caused by viruses?

A 
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Fifth's Dz (erythema infectiosum)
Hand foot and mouth
Shingles
84
Q

What causes roseola?

A

Human herpes virus (6 or 7)

85
Q

Rash that begins as red macules or papules and expands to a large, annular, erythematous rash with a pale center within 1 week.

A

Lyme dz (really, it can occur from 1 day to 1 month after bite, but asynch stages 1 week)

86
Q

Causes circumoral pallor.

A

Scarlet fever

87
Q

What is the treatment for roseola?

A

Symptomatic

88
Q

Complications of varicella (5).

A 
Impetigo
Necrotizing fasciitis (severe) from group A strep
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Encephalitis
89
Q

Manifests as erythematous, warm, and tender plaques with local swelling and proximal lymphadenopathy.

A

Cellulitis

90
Q

When does hand foot and mouth usually occur?

A

Summer, early fall

91
Q

2 most common bacteria in impetigo.

A
  1. Strep

2. Staph

92
Q

If acute paronychia does not respond to conservative treatment, what is the next step?

A

I and D

93
Q

What is the incubation period for lyme dz?

A

7-14 days

94
Q

Thrives in abrasions, lacerations, arthropod bites, burns, chicken pox, and dermatitis.

A

Impetigo

95
Q

What is the treatment for lyme dz (2)?

A

14-21 days of ABX therapy:

  1. Doxycycline 100 mg (8+ yo)
  2. Amoxicillin 25-50 mg/kg TID or cefuroxime or ceftriaxone
96
Q

What are complications of roseola (2)?

A

Seizures
Dehydration
Rule out sepsis and meningitis

97
Q

How is lyme dz diagnosed?

A

Serology for borrelia burgdorferi

98
Q

What is the epidemiology of measles?

A

Prodrome 1-2 days before rash. Incubation 8-12 days from exposure to onset of symptoms.

99
Q

Other than face and neck, where does the scarlet fever rash appear (4)?

A 
Groin
Axillae
Abdomen
Trunk
Spares palms and soles
100
Q

Both measles and scarlet fever have a maculopapular rash. What are the differences?

A 
Scarlet fever
- Rash day 1
- Rash spares palms and soles
- Sandpaper like appearance
- Strawberry tongue
Measles
- Koplik's spots
- Rash 3-5 days after symptoms
- Rash starts on face and spreads down
101
Q

Impetigo can be diagnosed by _____ and _____.

A

Culture

Gram stain

102
Q

Most common cause of folliculitis?

A

Staph aureus

103
Q

When does the rash appear in scarlet fever?

A

After 24 hours

104
Q

Underlying punch-out ulcer with exudate.

A

Ecthyma

105
Q

What is the incubation period of meningococcemia?

A

1-10 days

106
Q

Causes of cellulitis (4).

A
  1. GABHS
  2. Staph
  3. Strep pneumoniae
  4. H. inlfuenzae
107
Q

What is treatment for varicella?

A

Symptomatic (Aveeno baths, baking soda baths, calamine lotion).
In select cases, acyclovir can be used.
Hospitalize immunocompromised and possibly give immunoglobulin.

108
Q

Treatment for acute paronychia.

A

Treated with warm soaks, topical antibiotics, and systemic antibiotics (clindamycin or Augmentin).

109
Q

When does a scarlet fever rash desquamate?

A

1-3 weeks

110
Q

Clinical presentation: one week of burning, tingling, and stinging. Rash follows dermatomes but do not cross midline.

A

Shingles

111
Q

DDx for scarlet fever (5)?

A
  1. Rubella
  2. Drug reactions
  3. Viral exanthems
  4. Staph scalded skin syndrome
  5. Kawasaki dz
112
Q

Scarlet fever rash starts on _____ and then spreads in _____ days.

A

Face and neck

1-2 days

113
Q

What is the infectious period for rubella?

A

7 days before through 5-7 days after the rash.

114
Q

How do you diagnose staph scalded skin syndrome?

A

Nikolsky’s sign

115
Q

Red, roughened, diffuse, sandpaper-like rash.

A

Scarlet fever

116
Q

Present in axillae and groin.

A

Folliculitis

117
Q

What treatment for meningococcemia would a person who is G6PD sensitive receive?

A

Chloramphenicol

118
Q

Clinical presentation: vesicles or red papules found on tongue, buccal mucous membranes, hands, and feet (rash often appears when fever abates)

A

Hand foot and mouth disease

119
Q

Manifests with redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness of the proximal nail folds.

A

Acute paronychia

120
Q

What are routes of transmission for varicella?

A

Direct contact
Airborne
Droplet

121
Q

Causes white or strawberry tongue.

A

Scarlet fever

122
Q

Often occurs in people with a history of prolonged or frequent immersion of hands in water, and in children who suck on fingers/thumbs.

A

Chronic paronychia

123
Q

What is the incubation for rubella?

A

14-21 days

124
Q

If fever and chills are present with cellulitis, what may be needed for diagnosis?

A

CBC and blood culture

125
Q

T/F When those vaccinated for varricella get it, it does not look like varicella.

A

True

126
Q

How is fifth’s dz spread?

A

Respiratory route

127
Q

T/F Fifth’d dz is not contagious once the rash appears.

A

True

128
Q

Subclass of cellulitis that is caused by Group A strep and requires immediate hospitalization.

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

129
Q

Portals of entry can include tinea, eczema, burns, abrasions, lacerations, etc.

A

Cellulitis

130
Q

What bacteria cause ecthyma (3)?

A
  1. Strep
  2. Staph
  3. Pseudomonas
131
Q

Common among young children and in warm weather.

A

Impetigo

Simmons NURP 532 Exam 2 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions