3: Congenital heart disease Flashcards
What is congenital heart disease?
Abnormality of the structure of the heart which is present at birth
Congenital heart disease can be detected early through ___ tests.
screening
What may newborns with congenital heart disease present with?
Cyanosis
Shock
Cardiac failure
What tool can be used to screen for congenital heart defects at 18-22 weeks?
Ultrasound
How can antenatally diagnosed CHD be managed?
Surgery
Prostaglandin IV if disease is duct-dependent
Generally, if a CHD is only detected after a few months, it is not likely to be ___.
serious
After birth, the next opportunity to diagnose CHD is the ___ ___ at around 24 hours.
clinical examination
At newborn screening, what signs of CHD are doctors looking for?
Cyanosis
Heart murmurs
Abnormal pulses
More than __% of CHD is missed at the newborn clinical examination.
50%
Murmurs are (normal / abnormal) in newborns.
normal
Which kind of defect is common in newborns and rarely leads to surgical intervention?
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)
Ventricular septal defects (VSMs) in newborns are (serious / unserious) and likely to ___ spontaenously.
unserious
close
In a CHD context, why do newborns present with cyanosis?
A condition is causing deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and enter the systemic circulation
or
A condition where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is mixing
What can be used, rather than seeing cyanosis, to determine that a newborn is having oxygenation issues?
Oxygen saturation probe
What are the three major differential diagnoses in a newborn with cyanosis?
Cardiac disease
Respiratory disease
PPHN
Give an example of a congenital heart disease, incompatible with life, which causes babies to present with cyanosis?
Transposition of the great arteries
What allows newborns with great artery transposition to survive the first few hours of life?
Patent foramen ovale
Between 2-7 days, newborns with undetected CHD are likely to ___ when their ___ close.
collapse / die , ducts
What are clinical signs of duct closure related CHD?
Poor perfusion (long CRT, poor pulses, increased work of breathing / tachypnoea)
Rapid deterioration to death
Acidosis
What can be used to maintain patency of ducts in newborns with CHD?
Prostaglandin E2
