#3 COGNITIVE THEORY

Question 1

focuses on children from birth through adolescence and these are characterized by the different stages in development which includes morals, memory, reasoning and language

Answer 1

✓Cognitive Development Theory

Question 2

This stage focuses on the prominence of the senses and movement of the muscles which the infant can learn about himself and the world.

Answer 2

Sensorimotor

Question 3

Intelligence at this stage is both intuitive and egocentric. The child can make mental representations and closer to the use of symbols. Language, memory and imagination are being developed

Answer 3

Preoperational

Question 4

The child has the ability to think logically but only with the help of concrete objects

Answer 4

Concrete Operational

Question 5

The child can solve abstract problems and can make hypotheses. His thinking becomes more logical

Answer 5

Formal Operational

Question 6

This is the ability of the child to know that an object still exists even when out of sight. This ability is attained in the sensory motor stage

Answer 6

Object permanence

Question 7

This refers to the tendency of the child to only focus on one aspect of a thing or event and exclude other aspects. (Ex. Two identical glasses with the same amount of water

Answer 7

Centration

Question 8

This is the tendency of the child to only see his point of view and assume that everyone also has his same point of view. The child cannot take the perspective of others

Answer 8

Egocentrism

Question 9

This is the ability to represent objects and events A symbol is a thing that represents something else. A drawing, a written word, or a spoken word to comes to be.

Answer 9

Symbolic Function

Question 10

. Pre-operational children still have the inability to reverse their thinking. They can understand that 2+3 is 5, but cannot understand that

Answer 10

Irreversibility

Question 11

. This refers to the ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and situations. No longer is the child focused or limited to one aspect or dimension. This allows the child to be more logical when dealing with concrete objects and situations.

Answer 11

Decentering

Question 12

This refers to the pre-operational child’s type of reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive, Reasoning appears to be from particular to particular i.e., if A causes B, then B causes A.

Answer 12

Transductive reasoning

Question 13

This is the tendency of children to attribute human like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects

Answer 13

Animism

Question 14

This is the ability to know the certain properties of objects like number, mass, volume, or area do not change even if there is a change in appearance

Answer 14

Conservation

Question 15

During the stage of concrete operations, the child can now follow that certain operations can be done in reverse

Answer 15

Reversibility

Question 16

This is the ability to come up with different hypothesis about a problem and to gather and weigh data in order to make a final decision or judgement. This can be done in the absence of concrete objects. The individuals can now deal with “what it” questions.

Answer 16

Hypothetical Reasoning

Question 17

. This is the ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular instance or situation.

Answer 17

Deductive Reasoning

Question 18

This is the ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and then use their relationship to narrow down possible answers in another similar situation or problem. The individual in the formal operations stage can make an analogy

Answer 18

Analogical Reasoning

Question 19

is using an existing schema and applying it to a new situation or object. It is a process where individuals fit new experiences into the previous created structure

Answer 19

Assimilation

Question 20

refers to the cognitive structures where individuals establish ways to understand or make meaning about something. Also, it is a means of adapting to and organizing their environment intellectually

Answer 20

Schema

Question 21

Is the driving force that moves all development forward. It is how people understand how the world works and find order and structure

Answer 21

Equilibration

Question 22

is changing approaches when an existing schema doesn’t work in a particular situation. It is a process of creating new schema which is somehow different from the previous ones

Answer 22

Accommodation