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BS IV, Module II > 3. CN VII/VIII > Flashcards

3. CN VII/VIII Flashcards

1
Q

CN VII and CN VIII emerge from the brainstem at the ____, in line with the ____ of the medulla

CN VII - Facial Nerve
CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve

The nerves lie in the angle between the lateral pons and the inferior aspect of the cerebellum -
____

A

inferior pontine sulcus
postolivary sulcus
cerebellopontine angle

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2
Q

POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA

Internal acoustic meatus transmits CN ____ and CN ____

A

VII

VII

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3
Q

Early anatomists grouped CN ____ and ____ together given their similar courses

  • Facial nerve
  • Vestibulocochlear nerve
A

VII

VIII

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4
Q

Both CN VII & VIII are vulnerable to impingement by benign ____
aka ____
as they enter the meatus
These benign neoplasms, encapsulated by the ____:
• Compromise ____ perception
• Cause ____
• May lead to ____ muscle weakness

A 
acoustic neuromas
vestibular schwannomas
perineurium
acoustic
dizziness
facial muscle
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5
Q

CN VII consists of two primary roots

The smaller division, or
nervus intermedius
Contains:
	• \_\_\_\_
	• Special sensory fibers (SVA - taste)
	• \_\_\_\_

The larger division, or motor root carries ____

A 
preganglionic parasympathetics (GVE)
general sensory fibers (GSA)

brachial motor fibers (SVE)

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6
Q

CN VII fibers either arise from, or project to, a number of ____

A

pontine nuclei

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7
Q

The MOTOR NUCLEUS of the facial nerve
Gives rise to the ____ fibers, innervating ____ pharyngeal arch muscles, that constitute the ____ part of the nerve

Axons of the ____ exiting the nucleus wrap around the ____, forming the ____ of facial nerve

A

branchial efferent (SVE)
second
largest

lower motor neurons
abducent nucleus
internal genu

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8
Q

SVA & GSA
The afferent fibers arise from primary cell bodies in the ____
within the temporal bone

Taste fibers terminate in
the rostral end of the ____

General sensory fibers terminate in the ____

GVE
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the nervus intermedius arise from the ____

A

geniculate ganglion
nucleus solitarius (the gustatory nucleus)
spinal nucleus of CN V
superior salivatory nucleus

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9
Q

CN VII transits the sub-arachnoid space and enters the temporal bone through the
____

  • Cochlear N.
  • Vestibular N.
  • Nervus intermedius
A

internal acoustic meatus

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10
Q

Recall that CN VII courses through the
____
within the petrous portion of the temporal bone

A

facial canal

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11
Q

Recall too that afferents in the ____ are central projections of ____
located in the geniculate ganglion

A

nervus intermedius

primary sensory neurons

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12
Q

CN VII branches extensively within the
____

  • Geniculate ganglion
  • Nerve to stapedius
  • Chorda tympani
  • Greater petrosal nerve
A

facial canal

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13
Q

The
GREATER PETROSAL NERVE
exits the temporal bone through the ____
into the middle cranial fossa

A

hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve

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14
Q

GREATER PETROSAL NERVE

After exiting the fossa through ____, the nerve passes through the ____ to reach the Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

foramen lacerum

pterygoid (vidian) canal

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15
Q

The ____ innervates the STAPEDIUS muscle

A

stapedial nerve

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16
Q

The CHORDA TYMPANI is so named because it passes along the ____ wall of the ____

A

lateral

tympanic cavity

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17
Q

Chorda tympani exits the cranium through the ____ at the medial end of the ____ to enter the infratemporal fossa

A

iter chordae anterius

petrotympanic fissure

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18
Q

Recall that the ____ lies in the floor of the ____ of the temporomandibular joint

A

petrotympanic fissure

mandibular fossa

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19
Q

Following the origin of these branches, the

FACIAL NERVE TRUNK exits the cranial base via the ____

A

stylomastoid foramen

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20
Q

Fibers in the trunk of the facial nerve are primarily concerned with innervating the
MUSCLES OF ____… …as well as both:
- ____
- ____

A

facial expression
stylohyoid
posterior digastric

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21
Q

TO SUMMARIZE…
Five distinct segments of CN VII may be defined within the facial canal

____
passes above the labyrinth housing the vestibular system

____
includes the geniculate ganglion

____ - travels posteriorly and laterally along the medial wall of the middle ear cavity

A

labyrinthe
external genu
tympanic

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22
Q

TYMPANIC

Mastoid
gives rise to the nerve to ____ and the ____

A

stapedius

chorda tympani

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23
Q

SVE fibers innervate ____ ARCH DERIVATIVES

  • Muscles of ____
  • ____ & Posterior Digastric
  • ____
A

second
facial expression
stylohyoid
stapedius

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24
Q

Most SVE fibers in the trunk of the facial nerve ramify within the
____

A

parotid gland

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25
Q 
But don’t overlook the
POSTERIOR
AURICULAR
nerve
	• \_\_\_\_
	• \_\_\_\_
A

occipitalis

auriculares

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26
Q

(PAINFULLY) TWO ZEBRAS BIT MY COCK

A

YA!

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27
Q

The PAROTID PLEXUS has five major sets of branches:
TEMPORAL
Ask patient to
Raise ____

ZYGOMATIC
Ask patient to
Shut ____ tight

BUCCAL
Ask patient to
	• Pucker \_\_\_\_
	• Bare \_\_\_\_ teeth
	• Blow out or \_\_\_\_

(MARGINAL) MANDIBULAR Ask patient to
Bare ____ teeth

CERVICAL
Ask patient to
Flare ____ skin

A 
eyebrow
eye
lips
upper
whistle
lower
cervical
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28
Q

Tumors of the parotid gland may compress or destroy ____ nerve fibers

Extension back toward the ____ and ____ should be carefully sought for any parotid mass

A

facial
stylomastoid foramen
facial canal

29
Q

The GREATER PETROSAL NERVE conveys secretomotor fibers which, after synapsing in the ____, innervate the ____ gland, ____ and ____ mucosa and ____ glands.

A 
pterygopalatine ganglion
lacrimal
nasal
paranasal
palatine
30
Q

CHORDA TYMPANI conveys secretomotor fibers that synapse in the ____ and innervate ____ and ____ salivary glands.

A

submandibular ganglion
submandibular
sublingual

31
Q

CN VII

CHAIN FILL THIS OUT!

A

YA

32
Q

Entering the pterygoid canal, the greater petrosal nerve is joined by the ____ to form the
____

A

deep petrosal nerve

nerve of the pterygoid canal (vidian nerve)

33
Q

Where do postganglionic parasympathetics arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion go?

DEEP PETROSAL NERVE carries ____ fibers derived from the ____

A

postganglionic sympathetic

internal carotid plexus

34
Q

LACRIMAL GLAND

The gland is innervated by postganglionic autonomic fibers which accompany the ____ branch of ____

A

zygomatic

V2

35
Q

NASAL MUCOSA

Nasal mucosa is innervated by postganglionic autonomic fibers which accompany ____ and ____ branches of V2

A

posterior lateral nasal

nasaopalatine

36
Q

PALATINE GLANDS

These minor salivary glands are innervated by ____ autonomic fibers which accompany the ____ and _____ branches of V2

A

postganglionic
greater
lesser

37
Q

The TASTE BUDS are microscopic specialized cellular arrangements around the gustatory nerve endings of
CN _____, _____ and _____

They detect primarily _____- soluble molecules called _____

TASTE BUDS are scattered widely over
• The entire lingual \_\_\_\_\_ and
sides of the tongue 
• \_\_\_\_\_
• Lingual aspect of soft palate
• \_\_\_\_\_
A 
VII
IX
X
water
tastants
dorsum
epiglottis
posterior oropharynx
38
Q

Most taste buds are found in the troughs surrounding
the _____, anterior and parallel
to the _____

Some are found on the _____ and _____ as well

FILIFORM PAPILLAE of the _____ contain _____ nerve endings only

A 
circumvallate papillae
sulcus terminalis
fungiform
foliate papillae
anterior 2/3
general sensory
39
Q

In seeking to understand sensory innervation of the tongue, we must distinguish between
_____ and _____ modalities

A 
taste (SVA)
general sensory (GSA)
40
Q

GUSTATORY RECEPTORS
on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue convey information via the _____ to the geniculate ganglion and on to the _____

GENERAL SENSORY
input from the filiform papillae of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is conveyed
via the _____

A

chorda tympani
nucleus solitarius
lingual nerve (V3)

41
Q

Some sources claim that the _____
also carries some taste fibers from the mucosa of the soft palate –

Other sources suggest the _____
conveys these fibers as well

A

greater petrosal nerve

chorda tympani

42
Q

In addition to innervation of the occipitalis and some auricular musculature, the
_____ also contributes to the complex _____ of the external ear

A

posterior auricular nerve

cutaneous innervation

43
Q

The skin of
the _____
(the hollow funnel leading to the EAM)

A small patch of skin behind the ear… …and a portion of the superficial aspect of the _____ (ear drum)

A

concha

tympanic membrane

44
Q

We’ve discussed

BELL’S PALSY, resulting from a peripheral (infranuclear) lesion of _____ near, or distal to, the _____…

A

CN VII

stylomastoid foramen

45
Q

Acute _____ paresis or paralysis of the facial muscles resulting from inflammation of the facial nerve and edema with compression

Produced by viral infection (neuronitis) or vasospasm

All actions of the ipsilateral facial muscles are affected, whether motivated by _____, reflex or _____ input

Symptoms Include:
Facial asymmetry with gravitational sagging of
face and scalp
due to loss of tonus of _____

Inability to wrinkle forehead on command due to paralysis of _____

Failure to retain tears and saliva in orbit and mouth respectively due to paralysis of _____ and _____

Retention of food in oral vestibule due to paralysis of _____

A 
unilateral
voluntary
emotional
facial muscles
frontalis
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
buccinator
46
Q 
But the symptoms of either a \_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_ of CN VII may be more extensive depending upon the exact location of the lesion between the \_\_\_\_\_ and the \_\_\_\_\_
Other symptoms may include:
	• Reduced \_\_\_\_\_
	• Hyperacusis
	• \_\_\_\_\_
	• Diminished salivation
A 
lower motor neuron
infranuclear lesion
pons
stylomastoid foramen
lacrimation
dysgeusia
47
Q

CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Special Somatic Afferents (SSA)
convey sensory input concerning sound from the _____ and equillibrium from the _____ of the vestibular system

A

cochlea

semi-circular canals

48
Q

Recall that the organs of hearing and balance are embedded within the
_____ PART of the
TEMPORAL BONE or
_____

A

petrous

petrous pyramid

49
Q

Cartilaginous components laterally are continuous with the _____ and lead to the bony _____

  • Ext auditory canal
  • Tympanic membrane
  • Tympanic cavity
  • Semicircular canals/vestibule of inner ear
  • Cochlea of inner ear
A

auricle

external auditory meatus

50
Q 
The
MEMBRANOUS
LABYRINTH
consists of a series of communicating sacs and ducts suspended in the
\_\_\_\_\_
within the \_\_\_\_\_
of the petrous temporal bone

The membranous labyrinth is separated from the surrounding bony labyrinth by _____ a CSF-like fluid

A

bony labyrinth
otic capsule

perilymph

51
Q 
The membranous labyrinth itself contains \_\_\_\_\_ and is divided into:
	• \_\_\_\_\_
	• Saccule
	• \_\_\_\_\_
	• Cochlear duct
A

endolymph
utricle
semicircular canals

52
Q

CN VIII has distinct _____ and _____ portions

A

vestibular

cochlear

53
Q

COCHLEAR (auditory) NERVE
• Carries the _____ fibers for hearing
• Composed of the central processes of neurons in the _____

A

SSA

spiral ganglion

54
Q

Sound waves induce vibration of the _____ and _____ in the tympanic cavity

The baseplate of the stapes moves
in and out of the
\_\_\_\_\_ generating pressure waves
within the \_\_\_\_\_
 of the cochlea
A

tympanic membrane
ossicles
oval window
perilymph

55
Q

The cochlea consists of _____, side-by-side, concentrically coiled tubes which make
2.5 turns around the MODIOLUS

Two of the tubes are continuous at the
_____

A

three

helicotrema

56
Q

The fluid wave travels through the fluids within the cochlea and distorts the basilar membrane of the _____, stimulating the _____

The hair cells transmit action potentials to bipolar neurons whose cell bodies are in the _____ of the cochlear n.

A

organ of corti
hair cells
spiral ganglion

57
Q

_____ stimulation of hair cells in different areas along the basilar membrane results from different frequencies of sound

A

place principle

58
Q

Central projections form the auditory portion of CN VIII to _____ located in the _____

A

cochlear nuclei

caudal pons

59
Q

The cochlear nuclei are
_____ organized

Anterior cochlear nucleus - _____ frequency

Posterior cochlear nucleus - _____ frequency

A

tonotopically
low
high

60
Q

Acoustic inputs project to cortex in the _____ along the lateral sulcus, but the processing of bilateral acoustic inputs begins in the brainstem

Time of _____ and _____ differences between left and right ears are analyzed to permit localization of sound sources

A

temporal lobe
arrival
intensity

61
Q

Though CN VIII is generally described
as containg special _____ only,
it does in fact have
an_____ component inhibiting _____ output produced by hair cell stimulation

A

afferent
efferent
afferent

62
Q

____ contracts reflexively in response to loud sounds as well as just before we begin to speak

STAPEDIUS is innervated by the ____

A relatively ____ intracranial lesion of CN VII leads to paresis or paralysis of stapedius producing ____

A

stapedius
facial nerve
proximal
hyperacusis

63
Q

VESTIBULAR NERVE
• Responsible for controlling ____, balance and ____
• Composed of the central processes of bipolar neurons in the ____

A

posture
equilibiru
vestibular ganglion

64
Q

The ____ enables perception of position and motion in relation to gravity, as well as the spatial orientation of both head and body in relation to vertical

Peripheral processes of bipolar neurons in the vestibular ganglion covey inputs:
1) From the ____ of the ____ and saccule, ____, which detect linear acceleration and motion due to gravity and translational movement
2) From the ampullae of the ____- which detect changes in
angular ____ and rotary acceleration of the head in any direction relative to the vertical during quiet stance

A 
vestibular system
maculae
utricle
otolithic organs
semicircular canals
motion
65
Q

Because the vestibular system primarily provides sensory inputs about the head on the body, the CNS also relies on other ____ to determine
overall body
position and movement…

____ inputs
convey information about movement
with respect to the environment and
the direction of vertical

____- coordinates eye movements to compensate for movements of the head so that ____ upon
a chosen object may be maintained even as the head moves

A

sensory modalites
visual
VOR
visual fixation

66
Q

Because the vestibular system primarily provides sensory inputs about the head on the body, the CNS also relies on other sensory modalities to determine
overall body
position and movement…

____
convey inputs about
____ and ____, providing information concerning the relative alignment of body segments to each other and the support surface via innervation of the ____ of the posterior neck, back and lower limb to support the body against the pull of gravity

A

proprioceptors
joint position
muscle stretch
extensors

67
Q

Because the vestibular system primarily provides sensory inputs about the head on the body, the CNS also relies on other sensory modalities to determine overall body position and movement…

Vestibulo- Reticular outputs mediate ____

A

“motion sickness”

68
Q

CN VIII Lesions

  • Causes:
    • ____
    • Meniere’s disease (imbalance of endolymph)
  • ____ (benign tumor of schwann cells)
  • Symptoms:
    • ____
    • tinnitus (ringing, whistling or booming)
    • ____
    • vertigo (the illusory perception of motion)
    • ____
    • nystagmus (rhythmic oscillation of the eyeballs) producing oscillopsia (jumping of visual environment)
A

viral labyrinthitis
acoustic neuroma

sensorineural deafness
dizziness
nausea/vomiting

BS IV, Module II (9 decks)

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