3. Cardiovascular

Question 1

Circulation in heart is controlled by (and names)

Answer 1

Local metabolites i.e. Hypoxia and Adenosine

Question 2

Circulation in brain is controlled by (and names)

Answer 2

Local metabolites i.e. CO2 (pH)

Question 3

Circulation in skin is maintained by

Answer 3

Sympathetic tone

Question 4

Circulation in muscles is maintained by
1. Rest
2. Exercise (mnemonic)

Answer 4

1. Sympathetic adrenergic
2. Local metabolites - CHALK i.e. CO2, H+, Adenosine, Lactate, K+

Question 5

In exercise, blood supply is reduced to

Answer 5

Kidney > Splanchnic

Question 6

S1 vs S2

Answer 6

1. S1 has longer duration
2. S2 has higher frequency and higher intensity

Question 7

S1 vs S2

Answer 7

1. S1 has longer duration
2. S2 has higher frequency and higher intensity

Question 8

S1 coincides with
1. ECG
2. JVP
S1 is
1. Loud
2. Variable

Answer 8

S1 coincides with
1. ECG - after QRS complex
2. JVP - C wave
S1 is
1. Loud - Short PR interval
2. Variable - Atrial fibrillation

Question 9

S1 occurs during which phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 9

Isovolumic contraction

Question 10

S2 occurs during which phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 10

Isovolumic relaxation

Question 11

S2 occurs during which phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 11

Isovolumic relaxation

Question 12

S3 heart sound
1. Other names
2. Relation to age
3. Associated diseases

Answer 12

1. S3 gallop, ventricular gallop
2. Can be normal in children but is always abnormal in adults
3. HF, LVH, MR (Hypervolemia)

Question 13

S3 occurs in which phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 13

Rapid ventricular filling phase

Question 14

S4 occurs in which phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 14

Atrial systole (Late diastole)

Question 15

S4
1. Other names
2. Associated with

Answer 15

1. Atrial gallop
2. HOCM

Question 16

Audible heart sounds have a frequency of

Answer 16

40-500 cycles per second

Question 17

Atrial systole relation with
1. ECG
2. JVP

Answer 17

1. Preceded by P wave
2. Represented by a wave