3) Carbohydrates and Proteins

Question 1

Give three examples of monosaccharide

Answer 1

glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, lactose, xylose

Question 2

By what bond are monosaccharides joined?

Answer 2

Glycosidic bond

Question 3

Give an example of unbranched polysaccharide

Answer 3

amylose (Starch), cellulose

Question 4

Give an example of branched polysaccharide

Answer 4

Amylopectin (starch, branch at carbon 6), chitin

Question 5

Where is starch stored?

Answer 5

Chloroplast of a plant cell as granules

Question 6

By what bond are glucose units joined in starch?

Answer 6

Alpha glycosidic bond

Question 7

What accounts for the strength and rigidity of cellulose?

Answer 7

Hydrogen bonds between parallel molecules

Question 8

What is the difference between glycogen and amylopectin?

Answer 8

Glycogen is more branched and compact

Question 9

By what bond are glucose units joined in cellulose?

Answer 9

Beta glycosidic bond

Question 10

Where is chitin found?

Answer 10

Cell Walls of Fungi & exoskeleton of insects

Question 11

What is the monomer of chitin?

Answer 11

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

Question 12

What is peptidoglycan? Where is it found?

Answer 12

• Polysaccharide joined covalently with polypeptides

- Found in bacterial cell wall

Question 13

Give examples of extracellular polysaccharides

Answer 13

Glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid

Question 14

What does glycoprotein consist of? Give an example

Answer 14

• Main protein chain with polysaccharide attached to it

- E.g. oligosaccharide

Question 15

Where are glycoproteins found?

How does its location relate to its function?

Answer 15

Cell membrane, acts as cell to cell receptors

Question 16

What does proteoglycan consist of?

Answer 16

Main carbohydrate chain with amino acids covalently attached

Question 17

What is the function of proteoglycan?

Answer 17

• Growth factor
• Tissue organiser (make up ground substance of extracellular matrix)
• Regulate assembly of extracellular molecules

Question 18

What are some functions of proteins?

Answer 18

• Hormones
• Enzymes, antibodies
• Structural support
• Receptors for picking up signals and transferring it to inside the cell
• Transport & channels of ions
• Movement of cilia and flagella (contractile and motor proteins)