3: Bone Biology and Fracture Repair

Question 1

What is a cement line?

Answer 1

The border of an osteon

Question 2

What does a scalloped cement line indicate?

Answer 2

Pathology - usually smooth

Question 3

How does calcitonin affect osteoclast activity?

Answer 3

Decreases

Question 4

How does vitamin D affect osteoclast activity?

Answer 4

Increases

Question 5

Which vitamins and minerals affect bone quality?

Answer 5

C, D, A, Cu, Mn, aminonitriles

Question 6

Which mineral makes up bird and reptile eggs?

Answer 6

Calcium carbonate

Question 7

How many water molecules make up bird and reptile eggs with calcium carbonate?

Answer 7

6 or 9

Question 8

How long does mineralisation of woven bone take?

Answer 8

1-3

Question 9

How long does mineralisation of lamellar bone take?

Answer 9

14 days

Question 10

How does systemic infection affect bone growth?

Answer 10

Affects cytokine levels

Question 11

What kind of bone is initially formed when the periosteum lifts and what does this look like on x-rays?

Answer 11

Trabecular, not as radiodense

Question 12

How does convex bone strain produce resorption?

Answer 12

Produces positive charge

Question 13

How does concave bone strain (compression) produce bone production?

Answer 13

Produces negative charge

Question 14

What kind of charge does slow blood flow produce?

Answer 14

Positive

Question 15

What kind of charge does fast blood flow produce?

Answer 15

Negative

Question 16

How does frequent repetitive compression affect bone?

Answer 16

Increased density (provided it exceeds minimum effective strain)

Question 17

What does temporary growth arrest from severe illness look like?

Answer 17

Transverse line of bone where longitudinal cartilage cores stopped forming