3. Australopithecus & Paranthropus

Question 1

what are the general characteristics of Australopithecus species

Answer 1

Foramen magnum
o Brain size, relative to apes
o Prognathism
o Mandibles
o Honing premolar
o Canine diastema

Question 2

Foraman Magnum

Answer 2

Anteriorly positioned

Question 3

Brain size

Answer 3

slight brain increase

Question 4

Nasal Prognathism

Answer 4

sticks out

Question 5

Jaw

Answer 5

Larger/thicker

Question 6

Honing Premolar

Answer 6

reduced

Question 7

Is luci a Australopithecus

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Which one?

Answer 8

afarensis

Question 9

list the 4 Australopithecus species. which is the oldest? Which is the youngest

Answer 9

1. A. anamensis (onderst)
2. A. afarensis
3. A. africanus
4. A. sediba (youngest)

Question 10

What do we know about Australopithecus teeth?

Answer 10

large flat molars with thick enamel

Great for crushing hard and brittle items. (Grass/tree shrubs)

Question 11

Tooth Microwear

Answer 11

• Scratches & pits (hard food items)
• Scratches and grooves (leaves or grass)

Question 12

Foods Austrlipthicus ate?

Answer 12

Fruits
Seeds
Tubers
Some meat

Question 13

End Of Austrlipthicus section

Question 14

Paranthropus teeth

Answer 14

small incisors

Question 15

cheek bones

Answer 15

wide/interior/forward positioned

Question 16

Does the Paranthropus have a sagittal crest?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Temporal fossa?

Answer 17

space between cheek bones and skull

Question 18

What do these traits tells us about the Paranthropus muscle/bite force

Answer 18

Bite force and muscles were very strong/larger force