3. Adrenaline and Secondary messages

Question 1

what is a second messenger model?

Answer 1

the way that a non-lipid soluble hormone which triggers the production of an intermediary messenger e.g. cyclic AMP

Question 2

name two hormones which use the secondary messenger model?

Answer 2

glucagon and adrenaline

Question 3

which two ways can the activation of glycogenolysis occur in the liver cells?

Answer 3

• with glycogen
• with adrenaline

Question 4

outline how glycogen can lead to the activation of glycogenolysis

Answer 4

1. glucagon bonds to liver cell membrane receptors
2. G protein is activated, activating enzyme adenylyl cyclase by changing its shape
3. activate adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cyclic AMP
4. cAMP is the second messenger and initiates protein kinases

Question 5

outline how adrenaline can activate glycogenolysis

Answer 5

1. adrenaline is a hormone which binds to different receptors on liver cells to glucagon
2. causing adenylyl cyclase to change shape and activate it
3. adenyl cyclase catalyses the conversion of ATP to the second messenger cyclic AMP
4. cyclic AMP is the second messenger and initiates protein kinases
5. protein kinase activates glycogenolysis