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130 > #3 > Flashcards

#3 Flashcards

1
Q

Visual Acuity

A

Tests near and far vision

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2
Q

Snellen Chart

A

Used for testing visual distance

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3
Q

Nystagmus

A

Back and forth movement of the eyeball

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4
Q

Refractive Visual Errors

A

Can be corrected with lenses to focus light on retina

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5
Q

Emmetropia

A

Normal vision

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6
Q

Myopia

A

Near sightedness

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7
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far sightedness

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8
Q

Astigmatism

A

Physical distortion of cornea

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9
Q

Low Vision

A

Visual impairment that requires devices and corrective lenses

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10
Q

Legally Blind

A

Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BVCA) does not exceed 20/200 in better eye or widest field of vision is 20 degrees or less

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11
Q

Nursing Management for Visual Impairments

A

Support coping strategies
Help provide safe environment
Safe placement of items in room
Clock method for food

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12
Q

Glaucoma

A

Group of ocular conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages nerve fibers
~3m incidence

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13
Q

Glaucoma Risk Factors

A 
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes
Family History
Migraines
Myopia
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14
Q

Types of Glaucoma

A

Wide Angle
Narrow Angle
Congenital
Primary or Secondary

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15
Q

Glaucoma S/S

A 
Normally no sign until visual loss
Blurred vision
Difficulty focusing
Aching around eyes
Headache
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16
Q

Tonometry

A

Measure IOP

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17
Q

Opthalmoscopy

A

Can visual any damage to optic nerve

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18
Q

Ginioscopy

A

Evaluates internal drainage of eye

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19
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Miotic.
Causes contraction of the ciliary muscle and allowing increased outflow of aqueous.
Can cause blurred vision.

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20
Q

Timolol

A

Beta blocker.
Decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor prod.
Bradycardia, hypotension.

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21
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Pre-op to reduce IOP, dilate pupils.

Sulfa based med – ask if allergic to sulfa

22
Q

Drop Application

A

One at a time, 10-15min between

23
Q

Cataracts

A

Cloudiness of the lense
50% population at 80yo
Leading cause of blindness

24
Q

Cataracts Risk Factors

A 
Age
Diabetes
Hereditary
Smoking
Sun exposure
Eye trauma
Chronic Corticosteroid use
25
Q

Cataracts S/S

A 
Painless, blurry vision
Glare/light sensitivity
Reduced night vision
Diplopia
Myopic Shift
26
Q

Dipolopia

A

Double vision

27
Q

Presbyopic

A

Age related farsightedness

28
Q

Cataracts Diagnosis

A

Decreased visual acuity
Opthalamoscopy
Slit lamp
Opacity of lens

29
Q

Cataracts Prevention

A

Stop smoking
Lose weight
Maintain blood glucose
Sunglasses

30
Q

Cataracts Surgery

A

Use if ADLs are affected
Outpatient
Potential damage

31
Q

Phacoemulsification

A

Ultrasonic device that suctions the lens out.

32
Q

Lens Replacement

A

Insert new lens, may still need glasses

33
Q

Cataracts Post-Op Care

A

Eye shield at night
Minimal discomfort
Provide written + verbal instructions
Call physician if needed

34
Q

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

A

Breakdown of central macula portion of retina

54% of blindness in adults after age 60

35
Q

Two Types of AMD

A

Dry (85-90%)

Wet - Sudden onset

36
Q

AMD S/S

A

Blurry vision when reading
Slight lines appear crooked
Letters appear broken

37
Q

AMD Risk Factors

A 
Smoking
HTN
Female
Hereditary
Wet - Random, anytime
38
Q

AMD Diagnosis

A

Opthalomscopy - look at macula

Amsler Grid - sudden onset of distortion, call md

39
Q

AMD Tx

A

Verteporfin injected in bv, activated by laser

Avoid sun for 5 days

40
Q

Hearing Loss

A

Increases with age, more common in men, genetics, excessive noise

41
Q

Four Types of Hearing Loss

A

Conductive - Middle ear, wax
Functional - emotional/psychogenic
Sensorineural - Damaged cochlea, vestibular nerve
Mixed - conductive + sensor

42
Q

Hearing Loss S/S

A

Tinnitus

Difficulty hearing in a group

43
Q

Hearing Loss Evaluation

A

Weber Test - cond or sens?

Rinne Test

44
Q

Meniere Disease

A

is a disorder of the inner ear that is characterized by episodes of feeling like the world is spinning (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a fullness in the ear
Increased pressure may rupture ear drum

45
Q

Meniere Disease S/S

A

Vertigo, tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss

Nausea vomiting

46
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy Charactertistics

A

Symmetric disturbances of the feet and hands.

47
Q

Peripheral Neuron

A

Connects SC and brain to all other organs

48
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy Causes

A

Unregulated diabetes

49
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms

A

Loss of sensation, atrophy, weakness, diminished reflexes, pain and parathesia

50
Q

Weber Test (Top of head)

A

Tests unilateral hearing loss
Conductive: Hears sound in affected ear better
Sensori: Hears in unaffected ear

51
Q

Rinne Test

A

Normal: Air is louder than bone
Conductive Hearing loss: Hears bone longer
Sensori: Hears air longer than bone

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