#3

Question 1

Visual Acuity

Answer 1

Tests near and far vision

Question 2

Snellen Chart

Answer 2

Used for testing visual distance

Question 3

Nystagmus

Answer 3

Back and forth movement of the eyeball

Question 4

Refractive Visual Errors

Answer 4

Can be corrected with lenses to focus light on retina

Question 5

Emmetropia

Answer 5

Normal vision

Question 6

Myopia

Answer 6

Near sightedness

Question 7

Hyperopia

Answer 7

Far sightedness

Question 8

Astigmatism

Answer 8

Physical distortion of cornea

Question 9

Low Vision

Answer 9

Visual impairment that requires devices and corrective lenses

Question 10

Legally Blind

Answer 10

Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BVCA) does not exceed 20/200 in better eye or widest field of vision is 20 degrees or less

Question 11

Nursing Management for Visual Impairments

Answer 11

Support coping strategies
Help provide safe environment
Safe placement of items in room
Clock method for food

Question 12

Glaucoma

Answer 12

Group of ocular conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages nerve fibers
~3m incidence

Question 13

Glaucoma Risk Factors

Answer 13

Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes
Family History
Migraines
Myopia

Question 14

Types of Glaucoma

Answer 14

Wide Angle
Narrow Angle
Congenital
Primary or Secondary

Question 15

Glaucoma S/S

Answer 15

Normally no sign until visual loss
Blurred vision
Difficulty focusing
Aching around eyes
Headache

Question 16

Tonometry

Answer 16

Measure IOP

Question 17

Opthalmoscopy

Answer 17

Can visual any damage to optic nerve

Question 18

Ginioscopy

Answer 18

Evaluates internal drainage of eye

Question 19

Pilocarpine

Answer 19

Miotic.
Causes contraction of the ciliary muscle and allowing increased outflow of aqueous.
Can cause blurred vision.

Question 20

Timolol

Answer 20

Beta blocker.
Decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor prod.
Bradycardia, hypotension.

Question 21

Acetazolamide

Answer 21

Pre-op to reduce IOP, dilate pupils.

Sulfa based med – ask if allergic to sulfa

Question 22

Drop Application

Answer 22

One at a time, 10-15min between

Question 23

Cataracts

Answer 23

Cloudiness of the lense
50% population at 80yo
Leading cause of blindness

Question 24

Cataracts Risk Factors

Answer 24

Age
Diabetes
Hereditary
Smoking
Sun exposure
Eye trauma
Chronic Corticosteroid use

Question 25

Cataracts S/S

Answer 25

``` Painless, blurry vision Glare/light sensitivity Reduced night vision Diplopia Myopic Shift ```

Question 26

Dipolopia

Answer 26

Double vision

Question 27

Presbyopic

Answer 27

Age related farsightedness

Question 28

Cataracts Diagnosis

Answer 28

Decreased visual acuity Opthalamoscopy Slit lamp Opacity of lens

Question 29

Cataracts Prevention

Answer 29

Stop smoking Lose weight Maintain blood glucose Sunglasses

Question 30

Cataracts Surgery

Answer 30

Use if ADLs are affected Outpatient Potential damage

Question 31

Phacoemulsification

Answer 31

Ultrasonic device that suctions the lens out.

Question 32

Lens Replacement

Answer 32

Insert new lens, may still need glasses

Question 33

Cataracts Post-Op Care

Answer 33

Eye shield at night Minimal discomfort Provide written + verbal instructions Call physician if needed

Question 34

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Answer 34

Breakdown of central macula portion of retina | 54% of blindness in adults after age 60

Question 35

Two Types of AMD

Answer 35

Dry (85-90%) | Wet - Sudden onset

Question 36

AMD S/S

Answer 36

Blurry vision when reading Slight lines appear crooked Letters appear broken

Question 37

AMD Risk Factors

Answer 37

``` Smoking HTN Female Hereditary Wet - Random, anytime ```

Question 38

AMD Diagnosis

Answer 38

Opthalomscopy - look at macula | Amsler Grid - sudden onset of distortion, call md

Question 39

AMD Tx

Answer 39

Verteporfin injected in bv, activated by laser | Avoid sun for 5 days

Question 40

Hearing Loss

Answer 40

Increases with age, more common in men, genetics, excessive noise

Question 41

Four Types of Hearing Loss

Answer 41

Conductive - Middle ear, wax Functional - emotional/psychogenic Sensorineural - Damaged cochlea, vestibular nerve Mixed - conductive + sensor

Question 42

Hearing Loss S/S

Answer 42

Tinnitus | Difficulty hearing in a group

Question 43

Hearing Loss Evaluation

Answer 43

Weber Test - cond or sens? | Rinne Test

Question 44

Meniere Disease

Answer 44

is a disorder of the inner ear that is characterized by episodes of feeling like the world is spinning (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a fullness in the ear Increased pressure may rupture ear drum

Question 45

Meniere Disease S/S

Answer 45

Vertigo, tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss | Nausea vomiting

Question 46

Peripheral Neuropathy Charactertistics

Answer 46

Symmetric disturbances of the feet and hands.

Question 47

Peripheral Neuron

Answer 47

Connects SC and brain to all other organs

Question 48

Peripheral Neuropathy Causes

Answer 48

Unregulated diabetes

Question 49

Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms

Answer 49

Loss of sensation, atrophy, weakness, diminished reflexes, pain and parathesia

Question 50

Weber Test (Top of head)

Answer 50

Tests unilateral hearing loss Conductive: Hears sound in affected ear better Sensori: Hears in unaffected ear

Question 51

Rinne Test

Answer 51

Normal: Air is louder than bone Conductive Hearing loss: Hears bone longer Sensori: Hears air longer than bone