3 Flashcards
ddx of diplopia
- monocular
- cornea:astigmatism, keratoconus
- lens:cataract,displacement - binocular
- nerves
- muscles
- NMJ
the cardinal signs of optic neuritis
– Sudden vision loss (central scotoma is classic)
– Decreased contrast and color sensitivity
– Pain with eye movement
– Optic nerve head edema
– Afferent pupillary defect
what is crowded optic disks?
“disk at risk”
small optic disc and minimal cup
predisposed to Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
what visual field defect can be seen in Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ?
altitudinal visual defect
how to investigate optic neuritis?
MRI
Patients with optic neuritis are treated with _______
IV steroids
Hx of giant cell arteritis
–sudden, painless vision loss –age>60yr – Scalp tenderness and headache – Jaw claudication – Polymyalgias of the arms and shoulders – Fevers, night sweats, weight loss
treat temporal arteritis with ______
steroids (prevent vision loss in the other eye)
a confusing diplopia that doesn’t seem to map out to any particular nerve palsy
consider MG / Grave’s disease
3 important causes of leukocoria
- Congenital Cataract
- Retinoblastoma
- ROP (retinopathy of prematurity)
What’s the difference between a tropia and a phoria?
- tropia: deviation that is there ALL the time.
2. phoria: intermittent, and tends to occur more with fatigue or when one eye is covered.
corneal ulcer
Any abrasion with an infectious infiltrate
Preoperative measurements in cataract surgery (to calculate implant power):
- corneal curvature (keratometer)
2. length of the eye (A-scan mode ultrasound)
how soon should a lens implant be placed after cataract surgery in newborns>
wait a few years because their eyes are still growing.
(powerful aphakic glasses or contact lens placement in this period)
two major causes of hereditary lens dislocation
- Marfan’s disease
2. Homocystinurea
