3 Flashcards
Unlike Greek temples, the Etruscan temple was entered:
from the front only
The Etruscan temple differed from the Greek temple because it had which of the following?
three cellas
Most architectural sculpture was made to decorate what part of the Etruscan temple?
the roof
What medium was most often used for architectural sculpture on or around Etruscan temples?
terra-cotta
The Etruscans preferred what building material(s) for their temples?
wood and mudbrick
Which statement about the Etruscan tombs and cemeteries is FALSE?
Most tombs were decorated with fresco scenes of Greek Mythology.
The Etruscans preferred which of the following materials for sculpture?
terracotta
The Etruscans became citizens of which of the following cultures in the first century BCE?
Rome
Which of the following works of art illustrates how Romanized the Etruscans became in the 1st century BCE?
Aule Metele
Etruscan artisans particularly excelled at which of the following?
metalworking
Roman temple design during the Republican period reflected the colossal design of the Greek Hellenistic style. This can be seen in which of the following temples?
Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina
In contrast to a Greek temple, Roman temples usually ___________.
entered from the front as with Etruscan temples.
The pseudoperipteral temple, with engaged half-columns along the side and back walls of the cella, was Roman architects’ attempt to combine temple plans of what two cultures?
Greek and Etruscan
What medium was most often used for architectural sculpture on Greek and Roman temples?
marble
Where would an oculus be found?
at the center of a dome
The Roman hemispherical domes usually rested on a _________.
cylindrical drums
What is created by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults?
groin vault
Groin vaults with openings or windows are referred to as ____________.
fenestrated
An extension of a simple arch, creating a semi-cylindrical ceiling over parallel walls, is a _________.
barrel vault
Roman patrons of Republican Rome came from which of the following family groups?
old and distinguished families
A strongly realistic style with a preference for portraits of the elderly is most typical of which period?
Republican Rome
Which of the following was the first to break with tradition and use his portrait on Roman coinage?
Julius Caesar
True or False:
The Roman theater was a semicircle built into the earth and was not freestanding.
False
Freed slaves often order reliefs for their tombs. —-
Like Egyptian portraits, the reliefs celebrated their immortality via portraiture.
Pompeiian wall paintings of the Second Style are characterized by which of the following?
the wall seemingly opening up into an illusionistic landscape
True or False:
By the 1st Century CE, burials replaced cremation in Rome.
True
The emperor Trajan was the first non-Italian emperor and was born in
Spain
Scholars firmly believe the Colosseum was flooded in order to stage sea battles.
False
One form of the Roman Portrait is the equestrian statue which will be adopted by imperial authorities and royalty in the future. Which is NOT TRUE of this type of statue?
Constantine’s statue was melted down because it was mistakenly thought to be Marcus Aurelius.
The Emperor Trajan commissioned which of the following?
a column depicting his victories and a market in Rome
Which of the following statements best describes the Pantheon’s influential design?
the design is based on the intersection of two circles
The Ara Pacis Augustae sought to state visually the new order of Augustus. The procession of the imperial family was a political statement on the grandeur of Rome and also which of the following?
portrayal of men with their families promoted family life
The pronounced influence of Greek Classical art could be seen in work made for which of the following?
the Emperor Augustus
Coffering was a useful architectural device in that it performed what function?
helped lighten the weight of a dome or arch
Which of the following in NOT true about the Pont-du-Gard?
Water is pushed through the upper channel by a series of pumps.
Flavian portraits, unlike Republican portraits, showed people of all ages and both sexes and were very diverse. While Vespasian’s portrait frankly depicted his features, which of the following was one of the purposes of the portrait bust of the Flavian woman?
show idealized beauty
Which of the following would be located in a forum and would house the law court for the city?
basilica
Pompeiian wall paintings of the Second Style are characterized by which of the following?
the wall seemingly opening up into an illusionistic landscape
Which of the following best describes the “Fourth Style” of painting?
Architectural illusionism
Which of the following best describes the “First Style” of painting?
Masonry
True or False:
By the 2nd century BCE, many Romans rejected polytheism in favor of monotheism.
False
What is the earliest datable period for Christian art?
3rd century CE
The Junius Bassus sarcophagus is _______________ in style and includes ________________ content.
Greco-Roman, Judeo-Christian
True or False:
The crucifixion appears frequently in early Christian art.
False
True or False:
The artists who made pagan Roman art were often the same artists who made Christian Roman art.
True
God appears most frequently as _________________ in paintings at Dura Europos.
a hand extending from the top of framed panels
Late Antique artists utilized the color _______________, which was the color of the Roman emperor’s toga, to signify Biblical royalty.
purple
Jews and Christians in the Late Antique period worshipped in __________________.
remodeled private homes
_______________ are the subterranean network of chambers and galleries underneath the streets of Rome that were utilized by Jews and Christians.
Catacombs
Matthew
depicted as seated robed figure writing; attribute is winged man
Anne
mother of the Virgin Mary; meeting with her husband rejoicing over news of pregnancy frequently depicted
Lawrence
attribute is a gridiron because he was roasted for three days
Peter
crucified upside down; the rock upon which Jesus founded his church; attribute is keys
Elizabeth
mother of John the Baptist; sometimes depicted with Mary and Jesus
George
Christian soldier often depicted slaying a dragon
Joseph
foster-father of Jesus; attributes are flowering staff and carpentry tools
John the Evangelist
was with Jesus at the crucifixion; attribute is an eagle
John the Baptist
known for baptizing as a symbol of cleansing of sins; attribute is a lamb; often represented in hair shirt
James
first apostle martyred; preached Gospel in Spain; attribute is scallop shell
Paul
conversion occured on the road to Damascus; often appears with Peter, may hold sword of his martyrdom
Mary Magdalene
sinner who washed Jesus’s feet with her tears; attribute is her long hair
Luke
Gospel author; painted Mary and Jesus; attribute is an ox
Virgin Mary
mother of Jesus who was miraculously made pregnant by God; frequently appears in blue and red
Jesus Christ
God incarnate; crucified by Pontius Pilate; savior of mankind
Select the three most popular Jewish biblical stories depicted in Early Christian art:
Adam and Eve
Sacrifice of Isaac
Jonah
Which of the following, in addition to his other building accomplishments in the eastern empire, was a major patron of the city of Rome, commissioning the construction of the basilica of St. Peter as well as civic buildings and sculptural monuments?
Constantine
Which Roman emperor officially recognized Christianity?
Constantine
Which of the following would be considered the predecessor for the Mausoleum of Costanza?
Pantheon
Which of the following is a basilica plan?
Old St. Peter’s
The precursor to the modern book, the __________________, was invented during the Early Roman Empire. When these objects are luxuriously decorated with gold and silver then they are called ________________________.
codex, illuminated manuscript
In the middle of the third century CE, artists invented a new kind of mosaic that allowed for the creation of fantastic designs. Artists utilized ______________, small cut stones, pebbles, and glass, to create complexly beautiful images in churches.
tesserae
What was the entrance porch of Old St. Peter’s in Rome called?
narthex
