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3 Flashcards

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1
Q

types of memories

A

explicit

implicit

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2
Q

explicit

A

memories we have to consciously form. studying.

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3
Q

implicit

A

memories we aren’t fully aware we are making

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4
Q

encoding

A

the information gets into our brains in a way that allowes it to be stored

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5
Q

sensory memory

A

the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

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6
Q

iconic memory

A

visual memory that lasts less than half a second

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7
Q

echoic memory

A

auditory memory that lingers only about 3-4 seconds

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8
Q

limited duration and capacity …

A

varies with age

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9
Q

long term memory

A

limitless capacity

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10
Q

chunking

A

organizing data into manageable units

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11
Q

mnemonics

A

memory AIDS expecially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organized devices (pemdas)

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12
Q

storage

A

the information is held in a way that allows it to be retrieved at a later time

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13
Q

memories are stored where?

A

in associated networks

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14
Q

hippocampus

A

explicit memory storage is facilitated by This

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15
Q

frontal lobe

A

retrieval and storage is here

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16
Q

cerebellum forms and stores are?

A

conditioned responses

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17
Q

basal ganglia forms and stores

A

procedural memory and motor skills

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18
Q

flashbulb memories

A

a clear memory of an emotional significant moment or event

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19
Q

infantile amnesia

A

adults remembering events that happened when they were very young 2-4 years

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20
Q

recall

A

you retrieve information previously learned and unconsciously stored

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21
Q

recognition

A

“multiple choice” you identify which stimuli match your stored information

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22
Q

relearning

A

measure of how much less work it takes you to learn information you had studied before, even if you don’t recall seeing the information before

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23
Q

priming

A

the activation often unconciously of particular associations in memory

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24
Q

mood-congruent memory

A

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current mood

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25
Q

the serial postion effect

A

our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list of things to be remembered.

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26
Q

retrograde

A

refers to an inability to retrieve memory from the past

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27
Q

anterograde

A

refers to an inability to form a new long-term declarative/explicit memories

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28
Q

classical conditioning

A

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus . also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning

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29
Q

classical conditioning???person

A

Ivan Pavlov

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30
Q

unconditioned stimulus .

A

natural response . food in mouth

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31
Q

unconditioned response

A

salvation

32
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

bell ringing

33
Q

conditioned response

A

salvation

34
Q

extinction

A

response is no longer reinforced

35
Q

discrimination

A

the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus .

36
Q

operate conditioning??? person

A

b.f skinner

37
Q

behaviorism

A

type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

38
Q

Skinner box

A

operate chamber” allowed detailed tracking of rates of behavior, change in response to different types of reinforcement. reward for good behavior.

39
Q

shaping

A

in operate conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

40
Q

reinforcement

A

in operant conditioning any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

41
Q

positive reinforcement

A

pet a dog that comes to u when u call it

42
Q

negative reinforcement

A

take painkillers to end pain. fasten seatbelt to end the beaping noise

43
Q

punishment

A

have the opposite effects of reinforcement. less likely to occur in the future

44
Q

reinforcement schedule

A

a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced

45
Q

fixed ratio

A

reward behavior after a set number of responses

46
Q

variable ratio

A

provide reinforcers after a seemingly unpredictable number of responses

47
Q

fixed interval

A

reinforce the first response after a fix time period.

48
Q

variable interval

A

reinforce the first response after varying time intervals

49
Q

vicarious conditioning

A

learning by observing others a form of cognitive learning in which new responses are acquired after watching others behavior and consequences of their behavior

50
Q

observational learning person???

A

Albert bandura

51
Q

modeling

A

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

52
Q

latent learning

A

learning that occurs but is not apparent until this is an incentive to demonstrate it

53
Q

prosocial behavior

A

positive, constructive, helpful behavior.

54
Q

attribution theory

A

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition

55
Q

foot in the door

A

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

56
Q

role playing

A

a set of expectations (norms) about a social postion defining how those in the postion ought to behave

57
Q

standard prison experiment

A

fake guards fake prisoners . if u give someone power they will prob take full advantage of it

58
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. attitudes and actions clash. attitude needs to change

59
Q

conformity

A

adjusting our behavior to fit in with a group standard

the line experiment where the guy knew he was right

60
Q

normative

A

going along with others bc u want to feel approved

61
Q

informative

A

going along with something bc the ideas make sense

62
Q

mil grim experiment

A

the shock

63
Q

social facilitation

A

stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks on the presence of others

64
Q

social loafing

A

in a group project not giving as much effort bc ur relying on others to

65
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

66
Q

group think

A

everyone thinks it so everyone goes along with it

67
Q

prejudice

A

unjustified (usually negative) attitude towards the group and its members

68
Q

discrimination

A

unjustified behavior selectively applied to members of a group

69
Q

stereotype

A

generalized belief about a group, applied to every member of the group

70
Q

scapegoat

A

theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

71
Q

Ingroup bias

A

the tendency to favor our own group

72
Q

other race effect

A

the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately then faces of other races

73
Q

proximity

A

mere exposure effect

74
Q

altruism

A

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

75
Q

attraction ?

A

proximity
attractiveness
similarity

76
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency for observers when alalyzing another’s behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

77
Q

what is memory

A

the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information

psych test 3 (1 decks)

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