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3 Flashcards

1
Q

types of memories

A

explicit

implicit

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2
Q

explicit

A

memories we have to consciously form. studying.

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3
Q

implicit

A

memories we aren’t fully aware we are making

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4
Q

encoding

A

the information gets into our brains in a way that allowes it to be stored

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5
Q

sensory memory

A

the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

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6
Q

iconic memory

A

visual memory that lasts less than half a second

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7
Q

echoic memory

A

auditory memory that lingers only about 3-4 seconds

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8
Q

limited duration and capacity …

A

varies with age

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9
Q

long term memory

A

limitless capacity

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10
Q

chunking

A

organizing data into manageable units

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11
Q

mnemonics

A

memory AIDS expecially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organized devices (pemdas)

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12
Q

storage

A

the information is held in a way that allows it to be retrieved at a later time

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13
Q

memories are stored where?

A

in associated networks

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14
Q

hippocampus

A

explicit memory storage is facilitated by This

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15
Q

frontal lobe

A

retrieval and storage is here

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16
Q

cerebellum forms and stores are?

A

conditioned responses

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17
Q

basal ganglia forms and stores

A

procedural memory and motor skills

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18
Q

flashbulb memories

A

a clear memory of an emotional significant moment or event

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19
Q

infantile amnesia

A

adults remembering events that happened when they were very young 2-4 years

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20
Q

recall

A

you retrieve information previously learned and unconsciously stored

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21
Q

recognition

A

“multiple choice” you identify which stimuli match your stored information

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22
Q

relearning

A

measure of how much less work it takes you to learn information you had studied before, even if you don’t recall seeing the information before

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23
Q

priming

A

the activation often unconciously of particular associations in memory

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24
Q

mood-congruent memory

A

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current mood

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25
the serial postion effect
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list of things to be remembered.
26
retrograde
refers to an inability to retrieve memory from the past
27
anterograde
refers to an inability to form a new long-term declarative/explicit memories
28
classical conditioning
a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus . also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning
29
classical conditioning???person
Ivan Pavlov
30
unconditioned stimulus .
natural response . food in mouth
31
unconditioned response
salvation
32
conditioned stimulus
bell ringing
33
conditioned response
salvation
34
extinction
response is no longer reinforced
35
discrimination
the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus .
36
operate conditioning??? person
b.f skinner
37
behaviorism
type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
38
Skinner box
operate chamber" allowed detailed tracking of rates of behavior, change in response to different types of reinforcement. reward for good behavior.
39
shaping
in operate conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
40
reinforcement
in operant conditioning any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
41
positive reinforcement
pet a dog that comes to u when u call it
42
negative reinforcement
take painkillers to end pain. fasten seatbelt to end the beaping noise
43
punishment
have the opposite effects of reinforcement. less likely to occur in the future
44
reinforcement schedule
a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced
45
fixed ratio
reward behavior after a set number of responses
46
variable ratio
provide reinforcers after a seemingly unpredictable number of responses
47
fixed interval
reinforce the first response after a fix time period.
48
variable interval
reinforce the first response after varying time intervals
49
vicarious conditioning
learning by observing others a form of cognitive learning in which new responses are acquired after watching others behavior and consequences of their behavior
50
observational learning person???
Albert bandura
51
modeling
the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
52
latent learning
learning that occurs but is not apparent until this is an incentive to demonstrate it
53
prosocial behavior
positive, constructive, helpful behavior.
54
attribution theory
the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
55
foot in the door
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
56
role playing
a set of expectations (norms) about a social postion defining how those in the postion ought to behave
57
standard prison experiment
fake guards fake prisoners . if u give someone power they will prob take full advantage of it
58
cognitive dissonance
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. attitudes and actions clash. attitude needs to change
59
conformity
adjusting our behavior to fit in with a group standard | the line experiment where the guy knew he was right
60
normative
going along with others bc u want to feel approved
61
informative
going along with something bc the ideas make sense
62
mil grim experiment
the shock
63
social facilitation
stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks on the presence of others
64
social loafing
in a group project not giving as much effort bc ur relying on others to
65
group polarization
the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
66
group think
everyone thinks it so everyone goes along with it
67
prejudice
unjustified (usually negative) attitude towards the group and its members
68
discrimination
unjustified behavior selectively applied to members of a group
69
stereotype
generalized belief about a group, applied to every member of the group
70
scapegoat
theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
71
Ingroup bias
the tendency to favor our own group
72
other race effect
the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately then faces of other races
73
proximity
mere exposure effect
74
altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
75
attraction ?
proximity attractiveness similarity
76
fundamental attribution error
the tendency for observers when alalyzing another's behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
77
what is memory
the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information

psych test 3 (1 decks)

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