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Intro to Psych > 3,5,6 > Flashcards

3,5,6 Flashcards

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1
Q

ERP

A

Number of electrodes placed on scalp to measure brain activity. Participants perform task.

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2
Q

PET

A

Radioactive tracer injected into patients.

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3
Q

MEG

A

Electrical activity tracker.

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4
Q

TMS

A

Turns neutrons on and off.

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5
Q

Glias

A

cells that support neutrons.

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6
Q

Glias: Astrocytes

A

creates blood-brain barrier, influences communication between neutrons and heals brain damage.

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7
Q

Glias: Oligodendroglia

A

provides myelin to speed up transmission of neurones.

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8
Q

Glias: Microglia

A

cleans up dead cells preventing infection.

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

receive information from other neurones and sensory receptors.

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10
Q

Cell body

A

receives information from dendrites; if there is enough stimulation, the information is passed to the axon.

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11
Q

Axon

A

carries neuron message to the terminal buttons.

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12
Q

Myelin sheath

A

type of glial cell that covers segments of axon to speed neural impulses.

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13
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Form Junctions of axons with other cells; releasing neural transmitters

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14
Q

Resting Potential

A

negative on the inside (-70)

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15
Q

Where does AP travel?

A

AP travels from soma to terminal buttons

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16
Q

Action Potential

A

when a neurones fires; ion channels regulate number of ions inside and outside of the axon.

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17
Q

Nodes of Ravier

A

bare axon between areas wrapped in myelin sheath.

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18
Q

Do neurotransmitter cites and receptor cites have to fit together?

A

Yes.

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19
Q

Neurotransmitter Agonist

A

Mimics neurotransmitters

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20
Q

Neurotransmitter antagonist

A

opposes action of neurotransmitter

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21
Q

Postsynaptic

A

neurotransmitters bind to receptors - ions flow

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22
Q

Excitatory

A

depolarize the neurones - increased likelihood of AP

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23
Q

Inhibitory

A

decreases likelihood of AP

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24
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

the brains ability to make new neural connections.

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25
Q

Afferent

A

Neurons - Body - Spine

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26
Q

Efferent

A

Neurons - CNS - PNS

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27
Q

Reflex Circuit

A

Interneuron - sensory - motor

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28
Q

Hindbrain includes

A

RF, Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum

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29
Q

Parkinsons disease developed in which part of the brain?

A

Midbrain

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30
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

thinking, memory, mood, morality, vision

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31
Q

Neocortex

A

Sensory, motor and higher level of thinking

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32
Q

Sensory Receptor Cells

A

transmits environmental stimuli into neural impulses

33
Q

Sensory Transduction

A

converts sensory data into a neural impulse the brain can read

34
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

smallest amount of stimuli needed to detect

35
Q

Difference Threshold

A

minimal difference needed to notice a difference between stimuli

36
Q

Sensory Coding

A

Neurons can only do APs

37
Q

Anatomical Coding

A

different features of stimulus are needed by different neurones

38
Q

Temporal Coding

A

Different features are coded by neurones activity pattern. Firing faster or slower communicates intensity

39
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

Repeated stimulation of sensory leads to future reduced response.

40
Q

Bottom-up Processing

A

raw data from environment to turn into impulses. (EFFORT)

41
Q

Top-down Processing

A

beings in the mind led by cognitive processes memory and expectation. (EASY)

42
Q

Olfactory (smell) Transduction

A

binds odorants to neural impulses

43
Q

Pathways of Olfactory

A

Olfactory cilia - neural impulse - olfactory nerve - olfactory bulb

44
Q

Papillae

A

contain taste buds

45
Q

Gustation

A

taste

46
Q

Somatosensory Receptors

A

free nerve endings on the surface of the skin. pressure and pain

47
Q

Meissners Corpuscles

A

Located on hairless skin. sensitive

48
Q

Merkels Discs

A

located near skins surface. light to moderate pressure.

49
Q

Ruffinis Organs

A

deep in skin, heavy pressure, movement of joints

50
Q

Pacinian receptors

A

deep in the skin, vibrations and heavy pressure.

51
Q

Fast pathway

A

myelinated axons. sharp and localized pain is felt quicker

52
Q

Slow pathway

A

unmyelinateud axons. burning pain is slower to be felt

53
Q

Gate Control Theory

A

patterns of neural activity can close a “gate” that prevents messages from reaching the pain part of the brain

54
Q

Sound Waves

A

vibrations in the air

55
Q

Frequency

A

number of cycles per second in a wave

56
Q

Amplitude

A

the magnitude of a wave. determines loudness

57
Q

Pinna

A

funnels sound

58
Q

Eardrum

A

vibrates sound waves

59
Q

Ossicles, hammer, anvil, and stirrup

A

transmit vibrations to the inner ear

60
Q

Bascillar Membrane

A

contains auditory receptor cells

61
Q

Tonotopic Maps. How does sound travel the brain?

A

Brainstem - thalamus - auditory cortex

62
Q

Place theory (Heinholtz)

A

different sound frequencies activate different regions of bascillar membrane.

63
Q

Frequency Theory (Rutherford)

A

Different sound frequencies are converted into different rates of AP

64
Q

Travelling Wave Theory (Von Beskey)

A

Place theory and frequency theory combined

65
Q

Visual Transduction

A

process of converting light (photons) into neural impulses

66
Q

Retina

A

photoreceptors send axons to the optic disk. rods and cones are in the retina

67
Q

Recall

A

different wavelengths = different colours. (RBG)

68
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

we has three types of colour receptors

69
Q

Colour Vision

A

Four primary colours belong to opposing pairs. Takes place in the ganglion cells in the retina.

70
Q

Opponent process theory

A

both types of cells fire at a steady rate when NOT stimulated

71
Q

What Pathway - Visual Agnosia

A

damage to the what pathway. cannot recognize objects

72
Q

What Pathway - Prosopognosia

A

form of visual agnosia in which people cannot recognize faces

73
Q

Where Pathway - Hemi Neglect

A

damage to the where pathway. people ignore one side of their visual pathway

74
Q

Binocular Cues

A

cues from both eyes

75
Q

Binocular: Retinal Disparity

A

Different images are cast on the retinas

76
Q

Binocular: Convergence

A

eyes ore inward/outward to focus

77
Q

Monocular: Elevation

A

things that are higher are perceived farther

78
Q

Monocular: Texture gradient

A

closer things are clearer

79
Q

fMRI

A

tracks flow of info rather than static imaging (MRI)

Intro to Psych (2 decks)

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