3/4 Exam Weakness Flashcards
Primary cortex & association of Frontal lobe
Primary Motor cortex : control voluntary bodily movement More responsive(fine motor) an area of body, more motor neurons of cortex devoted Ass - Personality, planning, problem solving Broca’s area - left frontal lobe - production of articulate & fluent speech and interpretation of grammar
Primary cortex & association of Parietal
Primary Somatosensory cortex- receives & processes sensations such as touch, tempterature, pressure and pain The more sensitive a body part, more sensory neurons located & greater amount of cortex devoted to that Ass - visual attention Locating objects spatial awareness
Primary cortex & association of Occipital lobe
Primary visual cortex - receives & processes visual information
Ass - visual perception Recognition of shapes & colours
Primary cortex & association of Temporal lobe
Primary auditory cortex - receives & processes auditory information Ass - memory? emotional responses to sensations & memories Identify objects Wernicke’s area - left temporal lobe - speech comprehension (understanding written & spoken languages
BRAIN/NS What are the 4 lobes?
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal
2014 VCAA Describe two sleep-wake shifts that could be observed in the sleep patterns of a healthy adolescent compared with those of an adult.
-identified the delayed onset of sleep and waking compared to an adult -identified the delayed onset of sleep (but did not mention delayed waking) and also suggested another difference between the sleeping patterns of adolescents and adults (for example, increased sleep debt in adolescents, differences in the proportion of REM/NREM sleep, etc.)
2014 VCAA Jonah was very scared of spiders. One morning, he walked into the bathroom and saw a very large spider on the mirror. He screamed and ran out of the bathroom. His mouth was dry, his heart was beating very fast and he was also breathing quickly. With reference to the human nervous system, explain why Jonah would have experienced these changes in his body.
- seeing a spider (a fearful stimulus) activated Jonah’s sympathetic nervous system - the activation of the sympathetic nervous system produced the physiological responses characteristic of the fight-or-flight response, including increased heart rate and breathing.
2014 VCAA PART A. Dr Bannatyne conducted a repeated-measures design in a hospital’s sleep laboratory by using healthy, pain-free individuals as participants. Results showed that small decreases in sleep time and a reduction in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep produced increased sensitivity to pain from a needle prick the following morning. a. What is one benefit of using a repeated-measures design in this particular study?
In a repeated-measures design each participant acts as his or her own perfectly matched control, reducing the potential for confounding variables that tends to occur in between-group designs. In the context of the experiment described, the key advantage of using a repeated-measures design is that —> it would enable the experimenter to control for individual differences between participants in variables that may affect the data and the interpretation of the results, including differences in things such as sleep patterns, weight, age, and especially pain sensitivity (the dependent variable)
2014 VCAA PART B In terms of REM sleep and sensitivity to pain, what results would Dr Bannatyne expect to observe once participants were able to sleep for the normal length of time?
- participants would experience REM rebound once allowed to sleep uninterrupted - this would result in a return to normal levels of pain sensitivity.
2014 VCAA
Why would the researcher have used nonsense syllables rather than real words in this experiment?
using nonsense syllables rather than real words to test memory would allow the researcher to control for possible differences between participants (1 mark) in the meaningfulness of the items to be remembered.
2014 VCAA
increased heart rate,
increased perspiration/sweating,
dilated pupils,
decreased salivation,
or any other sympathetic nervous system response.
2014 VCAA
Why would you expect to see similar physiological reactions in both groups of participants?
Both messages activate a form of stress response; the positive message (message 1) produces eustress and the negative message (message 2) produces distress. It was also acceptable to respond that both messages would activate a sympathetic nervous system response.
2014 VCAA
GEORGE PT 1
Biological factors included: not having a genetic predisposition to the mental illness; being able to continue taking his medication after leaving hospital.
Psychological factors included: being able to continue his counselling sessions; learning coping strategies; learning meditation; having access to cognitive behaviour therapy, etc.
Social factors included: having support from family or friends to provide accommodation/transport; being able to receive his social support concession to enable him to buy his medication, etc
2014 VCAA
GEORGE PT 2
When George returned to the hospital, his psychiatrist suggested that he take part in a research trial for a new medication. However, this would mean that George would not be able to take his regular medication during the trial. Why may the withdrawal of regular medication be considered unethical?
The withdrawal of George’s usual medication as part of the drug trial might be considered unethical if it put George at risk of another episode of mental illness.
Acceptable responses referred in some way to the potential harm/risk involved in withdrawing George’s medication.
Another acceptable answer was that withdrawal of medication might compromise George’s ability to provide informed consent regarding his participation and continuation in the trial.
