3:2 Conduct disorder

Question 1

What is antisocial behavior usually called in younger children and in older children?

Answer 1

Younger - oppositional defiant disorder.

Older - conduct disorder.

Question 2

True or false: Conduct disorder is the most common reason for referral for child and adolescent mental health.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

List a few outcomes for which antisocial behavior is a bad risk.

Answer 3

Violent offending.
Heavy drug use.
Teen parenting.
Not finishing exams.
On state benefits.

Question 4

What percent of antisocial children continue on that life course?

Answer 4

80%

Question 5

True or false: Children often arrive late with new onset antisocial behavior that carries on persisting after adolescence.

Answer 5

False.

Question 6

List some early risk factors for antisocial behavior.

Answer 6

Socioeconomic status.
Male.
Reading ability.
Parenting –> major factor in causing and maintaining antisocial behavior.

Question 7

Where in the child’s brain do biological changes occur due to good or bad parenting?

Answer 7

Temporal lobe - areas of emotional control.

Poor parenting made rats grow up to be more emotionally reactive, with higher levels of cortisol and more likely to be on fight or flight mode.

Question 8

The inflammatory marker c-reactive protein is found to be elevated in adults who were not well brought up as children.

What consequences does this have?

Answer 8

C-reactive protein is associated with heart disease, musculoskeletal diseases and cancer.

Question 9

People who are more susceptible to criticism from their parents may not be able to metabolize which gene?

Answer 9

Monoamine oxidase (MAO-A)

Question 10

Describe normal cortisol secretion compared to in children who have been poorly parented or abused.

Answer 10

Normal: High level at start of day then gradually goes down as you go to bed.

Poorly parented children: It has two patterns:

1. Chronically elevated rate.
2. Low flattened rate.

If you take these children out of an abusive parenting environment and put them into good quality foster home, then after a year their secretion pattern has become more normal.

Question 11

True or false: There is a genetic risk to antisocial behavior.

Answer 11

True.

Interaction with a poor environment can increase that risk significantly.

Question 12

Describe the model of parenting interventions.

Answer 12

Change the contingencies around the child.

Change the parent’s behavior and the child’s behavior and then usually their thinking will catch up afterwards.

Teach parents to:

• Invest in a more positive relationship.
• Earn the trust of the child.
• Spot positive behavior and praise it.

Question 13

List three parenting techniques for commands and setting limits.

Answer 13

1. Be specific in commands and rewards.
2. Set limits and give clear commands.
3. Give very quick contingencies if the child does not respond.

Question 14

What is SPOKES?

Answer 14

Supporting Parents On Kid’s Education in Schools.

Intervention program for reading.