3 Flashcards
- A gencric military term referring to the assembly of a
projectile, propellant, primer, and cartridge case.
Ammunition or Cartridge
is defined as a case capsule, shell or bag of metal, pasteboard, of the like, containing the explosives charge and in small arms and some cannon, the projectile to be fired.
Cartridge
The term ammunition was derived through French from the Latin word?
munire
Munire means
To provide
the term cartridge may have been derived from the Latin word “”
charta
Charta means
Paper
meaning paper, or from the French word “”
cartouche
Chartouche Means
a roll of paper.
refers to any loaded shell for rifles,muskets, carbines, shotguns, revolvers, and pistols from which a bullet, ball, shot,shell or other missiles maybe fired by means of gunpowder or other explosives. The term also includes ammunition for air rifles. (Sect
- ammunition or cartridge
, refers to a “file of assembled cartridges”in bulks as in boxes,
Ammunition
first cartridge was invented by
by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
invented the 1st pin fire catridge and pin fire gun
Casimir Lefaucheux
developed one of the earliest cartridges known as Flobert Cartridges that became the
forerunner of American Rim fire ammunition.
Louise Nicolas Ã. Flobert
- Also called slug, this is the projectile propelled from a firearm by means of
the expansive force of gases coming from burning gunpowder.
Bullet
Also called shell, this is the tubular metallic container for the
gunpowder.
Cartridge Case -
- this is the powder charge intended to be burned thus generating an
energy that will launch the bullet.
Propellant
- also called percussion, this is composed of the metal cup and priming mixture which is highly sensitive.
Striking the primer cup produces a spark that ignites the priming mixture which cventually caused the combustion of gunpowder.
Primer
GENERAL TYPES OF AMMUNITION
Dummy
Drill ammo
Black ammo
Live ammo
- -This a carcfully made replica of a cartridge, usually made of steel and
discreetly dimensioned to be used by weapons instructors, inspectors and repairmen
when checking if weapons are functional.
Dummy
-This is a cartridge without a bullet. It may contain gunpowder and priming mixture thus designed to produce gunshot to indicate firing. This is used for theatrical performance and military training.
- Blank ammo
-This is the real ammunition since it is composed of a complete unit of
unfired cartridge.
- Live ammo
- This type of ammunition is completely inert and without an explosive
propellant. It is used in military training to practice loading and manipulation of
firearms.
- Drill ammo
TYPES OF AMMUNITION ACCORDING TO COMMON TYPES OF FIREARMS
Revolver Cartridge
Pistol Cartridge
Assault Rifle or Hunting Rifle Cartridge
Shot Shell or Shotgun Cartridge
Case less Cartridge
; this type of ammunition has a
rimmed base and a straight case which allows the bullet to be rammed the chamber of the revolving cylinder. The rim is designed to limit the forward travel of the cartridge straight inside the chamber. The case is traditionally made of brass.
Revolver Cartridge
, carbines and most submachine guns,this type of ammunition has extractor’s groove instead of a rimmed base. The groove allows easier loading and extracting before and after firing the cartridge.
. Pistol Cartridge
, this type of cartridge has a bottle-neck Shape. It has longer case for large powder capacity and increased
power.
- Assault Rifle or Hunting Rifle Cartridge -
Type of ammunition that case of this ammunition is generally made of plastic with a metallic base. It usually contains several pellets, although special types of shotgun ammo may be loaded with single slugs.
Shot gun Cartridge
-This is a special type of ammo. The gunpowder serves as casing of the bullet. The entire cartridge is coated with varnish or similar material to protect it from moisture and moderate shocks. Case - less ammo can be used in
handguns and rifles. Its advantage lays essentially its small weight and optimized volume. It is more sensitive to moisture and shocks compared to cased ammo. It cannot be adapted for use in revolvers because the chamber of the cylinder of the revolver is smooth from side to side and it’s the case that holds the round.
Case -less Cartridge
. CLASSIFICATION OF CARTRIDGE ACCORDING TO RIM
Rim Cartridge
Semi Rimmed Cartridge
Rimless
Rebated
Belted
- -The design of cartridges for revolvers, shotguns, and some
rifles. The cartridge has a rimmed base - that is the rim diameter is obviously wider
than the case diameter, and it has no extracting groove. Examples are the .38 caliber
and .22 caliber cartridges for revolvers.
Rimmed Cartridge
- The rim is slightly wider than the case. Examples are
the .25 caliber,.32 auto and super .38 cartridges for semi - automatics.
Semi -rimmed Cartridge
-The type of cartridge which is true to pistol and rifle
ammunition. The cartridge case and the rim have equal diameter. Examples are the
.45 cartridge and 9mm cartridges for semi - automatic pistols, and 5.56mm and
7.62mm cartridges for assault rifles.
- Rimless Cartridge
-A rare type of cartridges because the rim has smaller diameter
than the cartridge case. Example is the 8x59 mm rifle cartridge.
- Rebated Cartridge
- -The type of cartridge originally designed for machineguns. The extractor’s groove is strengthened with another layer of metal to prevent the machine gun’s extractor from damaging the cartridge case. Examples are 338 magnum and 13.9x99 mm cartridges.
Belted Cartridge
Classification of cartridge According to the location of Primer
Pinfire cartridge
Rimfire
Centerfire
Percussion
-This is the type of cartridge in which the primer cup is
concealed inside the cartridge case. A pin is resting on the primer. The pin protrudes at the side of the cartridge. The gun chamber has a notch for the pin to stand when loaded in the squeezing the trigger. Accordingly, this type of cartridge had been used in France in the 1830’s. This cartridge no longer manufactured today.
- Pin -fire Cartridge
-This is the type of cartridge in which the priming mixture is located at the hollow portion of the rim of the cartridge case. It can be fired if the firing pin strikes the bottom of the cartridge at the rim area. This cartridge type can be
identified easily by the smooth base of the cartridge case. At present, rim -fire
cartridge is exclusively used by .22 cal. revolvers.
- Rim - fire Cartridge
-This is the type of cartridge mostly used today. The primer cup is centrally placed at the base of the cartridge.
- Center -fire Cartridge
-A plastic cap that holds the shots.
- Shot Cap (Stirrup)
A plastic body or hull with mouth closed by die
crimp or star crimp, eliminating need for overshot wad. Prior to 1960 paper is used as
casing for shotgun ammo
Tube (Shell or Case or Hull)
- The portion of a cartridge case that is bent inward to hold the shot in place
Crimp
- -Any chemical compound used that if ignited it will cause
tremendous pushing power to bullet or pellets.
Gunpowder or Powder
- -A chemical priming compound, primer cup, anvil and battery cup that
when struck it ignites the powder charge.
Primer
- -A disk made of paper used to hold the powder or shot.
Wad
4 kinds of wad
Base wad
Under powder
Over powder
Filler
-It is a small steel or lead pellet of different sizes.
- Lead Shot
There are three types of lead shots
Drop or soft shot
Chilled or hard shot
Plated shot
- It is coated with cupronickel or 70% copper and 30% nickel or steel
c. Plated Shot
is a single slug with angled grooves cut into its side to spin it. This refers
to Sabot Slug.
Slug
-It is a cluster of sturdy steel needles with tiny fins at their base
to stabilize them in flight.
Flechette Shot
- The process of military storage of
ammunition or arms. It is done by making a concrete bunker with walls about a foot
thick and then covered. Ammo may reach 40 years with no degradation.
Igloo
