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Greek Grammar > 2nd Year Entry Exam > Flashcards

2nd Year Entry Exam Flashcards

1
Q

absolute

A

a construction detached grammatically from the main clause but modifying the main clause

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2
Q

Adverbial

A

functioning like an adverb - modifying a verb

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3
Q

Adjectival

A

functioning like an adjective - modifying a noun or other substantive

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4
Q

Agent (agency)

A

the thing responsible for performing the action - primary (υπο) , secondary / intermediate (δια) or instrumental (εν / dative)

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5
Q

Anarthrous

A

without the article

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6
Q

Apodosis

A

the ‘then’ or consequence clause of a conditional construction, or the independent clause in a sentence which has a conditional-like clause ‘whoever’

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7
Q

Apposition

A

a semantic relationship whereby on item defines another, established through an appositional genitive, nominative or accusative and the use of an infinitive. Appositional expresses a relationship for nouns, an epexegetical one for verbs.

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8
Q

Arthrous

A

with the article

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9
Q

Articular

A

with the article

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10
Q

Aspect (verbal)

A

a semantic category which governs verb tense-form usage in greek e.g aorist used for the perfective aspect

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11
Q

Asyndeton

A

a construction in which clause are joined without the use of connecting particles of conjunctions

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12
Q

Attributive

A

a syntactical structure whereby a quality or attribute is considered part of what another item is by nature

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13
Q

Auxiliary (verb)

A

like ειμι which helps another verb like a participle to form a complete verbal unit … necessary in periphrastic verbal constructions

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14
Q

Case

A

the use of different forms of a given substantive to show its with other words in a basic sentence structure.

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15
Q

Clause

A

a complete grammatical construction consisting of one or more phrases - they can be independent / dependent (subordinate)

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16
Q

Complement

A

the element which completes or complements a predicate, often associated with the subject of the main verb and normally consists of at least one phrase

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17
Q

Completive

A

any element that completes another element in a sentence - like an object being the completive of a verb

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18
Q

Conjugation

A

the display of forms of a verb

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19
Q

Conjunction

A

a word that joins other words or clause - coordinating e.g ‘and’, ‘but’ OR subordinating e.g ‘while’, ‘if’

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20
Q

Constative

A

a label given to verbs or certain usage of verbs that are said to treat an action in its entirety - start to finish

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21
Q

Declension

A

a pattern of various forms of a substantive indicating gender, number and case

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22
Q

Definite Article

A

a word modifying a substantive indicating it as particular or unique - ‘the’

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23
Q

Deliberative

A

referring to thought, consideration or intent

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24
Q

Demonstrative

A

words used to refer to a particular person or group - ‘this’ / ‘that’ - ‘ουτος’ / ‘εκεινος’

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25
Q

Deponent

A

a word used to describe verbs that appear middle or passive in form but are active in meaning - like ερχομαι

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26
Q

Desiderative

A

expressing desire, usually in the form of mild desire

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27
Q

Enclitic

A

description of a small group of words that rely on the preceding word for their accent

28
Q

Epexegetic

A

a semantic relationship whereby one item defines another

29
Q

Gnomic

A

term characterising an event as continuous or recurring over time - usually events in nature

30
Q

Hortatory

A

characterised by language designed to direct, incite or encourage

31
Q

Imperfective

A

a verbale aspect used to describe an action as in process expressed in the present and imperfect tenses

32
Q

Inceptive

A

expressing the beginning of an action

33
Q

Inferential

A

pointing to a logical conclusion to be drawn from another action

34
Q

Infinitive

A

embodies the verbal idea in the form of a noun; a verbal noun

35
Q

Inflection (inflected language)

A

the sets of endings which languages such as Greek attach to their words to distinquish various semantic and syntactical categories and relations

36
Q

Ingressive

A

expressing the beginning of an action

37
Q

Instrumental

A

expressing the means or agent by which an action is completed

38
Q

Intransitive

A

verbs which make sense without need of an object or complement

39
Q

Iterative

A

expressing repetition of an action

40
Q

Modal

A

related to mood

41
Q

Mood

A

the label given to the forms used to indicate the speakers view of an actions relation to reality / certainty: definite = indicative, might = subjunctive, command = imperative, wishful = optative … infinitive and participle are non-indicative moods.

42
Q

Number

A

the distinction between singular and plural in both substantives and verbs

43
Q

Paradigm

A

a model or pattern often used to refer to a list of inflected forms of a given morphological category such as verbs or substantives

44
Q

Participle

A

embodies the verbal idea in the form of an adjective - a verbal adjective

45
Q

Partitive

A

describing the function of a word or phrase which refers to a part of a larger whole - e.g ‘some of the people’

46
Q

Perfective

A

a verbal aspect used to describe an action as whole or complete, expressed by the aorist tense

47
Q

Periphrastic

A
  1. ειμι + a participle

2. any means by which one statement may be a substitute for another

48
Q

Person

A

a quality of verbs which indicates that the speaker is: the subject (1st), another person (2nd) or the thing spoken about (3rd).

49
Q

Phrase

A

a group of words forming a syntactical unit which may constitute: subject + predicate + complement e.t.c. Phrases can be noun / nominal, verbal, prepositional e.t.c.

50
Q

Post positive

A

not occurring in the first position in a sentence

51
Q

Predicate

A
  1. A structure whereby a quality or attribute is given to another item, usually given by the predicated item not falling within the range of the substantive and its article
  2. The functional name for the verbal part of a clause consisting of a verb phrase.
52
Q

Preposition

A

a word belonging to a group of particles often used to aid the cases in their function by joining a noun phrase to other words in a clause. They take objects and govern cases.

53
Q

Proleptic

A

referring to, looking to the future

54
Q

Protasis

A

the ‘if’ or supposition clause of a conditional construction or the dependent clause in a sentence that has a conditional like clause

55
Q

Punctiliar

A

expressing momentary or point like action.

56
Q

Purpose

A

the intention behind or reason for another action. Purpose often overlaps with result, because to intend an action means that something comes about as a result

57
Q

Relative Pronoun

A

a pronoun serving to link a subordinate clause to a substantive e.g the man ‘who’

58
Q

Result

A

the results or consequences of another action. Results often overlap with purpose because to bring about a result means to bring about what was intended.

59
Q

Sentence

A

A syntactical unit consisting of one or more phrases, at least one of them an independent clause

60
Q

Subordination

A

The grammatical means by which dependent relations especially between clauses are indicated

61
Q

Substantive

A

A term given to any word that might be used like a noun

62
Q

Syntax

A

A grammatical term concerned with the order of words, phrase and other elements and the meaning relationships they enter into

63
Q

Telic

A

Describing the intention behind or reason for another action

64
Q

Transitive

A

Transitive verbs require direct objects to make sense

65
Q

Voice

A

A semantic category used to describe the relation of the agent to its action. Voice indicates whether the subject is acting or being acted upon: active = subject acting, middle = subject acts on itself, passive = action done to the subject.

66
Q

Volitive

A

Describes a wish, a volitive is a mild form of command

Greek Grammar (3 decks)

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