2ND YEAR 1ST SEM MODULE 1 - LABORATORY SAFETY Flashcards
A chemical that causes an allergic reaction— that is, evokes anadverse immune response (could be a severe rash or respiratory distress).
Allergen (sensitizer)
A gas or vapor that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocationdue to lack of oxygen.
Asphyxiant
The temperature at or above which a substance willspontaneously ignite or catch fire without a spark or flame.
Autoignition temperature
An infectious agent, or part thereof, that presents a real or potential risk to the well-being of humans, animals or plants. It can present a hazard directly through infection or indirectly through the disruption of the environment
Biohazard
A substance that is capable of causing cancer.
Carcinogen
A highly reactive substance that causes obvious damage to living tissue bychemical action
Corrosive
:Direct contact with a hazard or chemical in a way that causes injury or harm.
Exposure
The established concentration of a chemical that most people could beexposed to in a typical day without experiencing adverse effects. See the table below forthe various types of exposure limits. Exposure limits help in understanding the relativerisks of chemicals.
Exposure limit
Types of exposure limit
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Threshold Limit Value (TVL)
Immediate Danger To Life Or Health (IDHL)
Specifies the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical to which a worker may be exposed. It can be established in one of two ways: 1) Ceiling values: At no time should this exposure limit be exceeded and 2) 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA): An average value of exposure over the course of an 8-hour work shift.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)-
Denotes the level of exposure that nearly all workers can experience without an unreasonable risk of disease or injury. Defined as ceiling limits, short-term exposure limits (STEL), and TWAs. It should be noted that these are only advisory limits and not enforceable by law. These may be the same as PELs
Threshold Limit Value (TVL)
Specifies a level of exposure that is immediately dangerous to life and/or health.
Immediate Danger To Life Or Health (IDHL)
A substance that enters the maternal and placental circulation and causesinjury or death to the fetus
Fetotoxicant
A substance that easily catches fire. As defined by the GHS, a flammablesubstance is one that has a flash point at or above 73 °F (23 °C) and below 140 °F (60 °C).
Flammable
has a flash point below 73 °F (23 °C) and an initial boilingpoint above 95 °F (35 °C).
A highly flammable substance
has a flash point below 73 °F(23 °C) and an initial boiling point below 95 °F (35 °C).
An extremely flammable substance
The lowest temperature at which a liquid or solid can produce a vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture in the air. The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite the material.
Flash point
A substance capable of changing genetic material in a cell and thus increasing the frequency of mutations
Mutagen
An unexpected event in which the rate of reaction increases significantly, resulting in a significant increase in temperature. The increase in temperature causes the rate of reaction to increase, further increasing the rate and tending to create an uncontrolled, often heat-producing, reaction
Runaway reaction
An agent that can cause non-inheritable genetic mutations or malformationsof an embryo or fetus. The agent can be a chemical substance, virus, or ionizing radiation.
Teratogen
Any substance that has the capacity to produce personal injury or illness to humans through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through any body surface, as defined by Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) regulation.
Toxic
The adverse effects of a substance resulting from a single exposure ormultiple exposures over a very short time span (less than 24 hours). Acute toxicity isusually determined by exposing animals to a given chemical to determine the lethal dose,50% (LD50). This is an experimental measure determined by administering varied doses of achemical by some route to animals, observing the percentage lethality at these doses, andextrapolating to estimate the dose that would kill 50% of the animals.
Acute toxicity
Types of Acute Toxicant
Asphyxiant, Irritant, Neurotoxicant, Organ toxicant, Sensitizer/allergen, Teratogen or fetotoxicant
Adverse effects resulting from long-term exposure, usually at lower levels, to a substance.
Chronic toxicity
Types of Chronic toxicant
:Carcinogen, Neurotoxicant, Organ toxicant
formerly called as Material Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
SDS? Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4:
Section 1: Identification
Section 2: Hazard(s) identification
Section 3: Composition/information on ingredients
Section 4: First-aid measures
SDS? Section 5: Section 6: Section 7: Section 8:
Section 5: Fire-fighting measures
Section 6: Accidental release measures
Section 7: Handling and storage
Section 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
SDS? Section 9: Section 10: Section 11: Section 12:
Section 9: Physical and chemical properties
Section 10: Stability and reactivity
Section 11: Toxicological information
Section 12: Ecological information
SDS? Section 13: Section 14: Section 15: Section 16:
Section 13: Disposal considerations
Section 14: Transport information
Section 15: Regulatory information
Section 16: Other information
Examples of corrosive substances
strong acids, strong bases, andoxidizing agents
Routes of Exposure
Routes of Exposure
Routes of Exposure
Inhalation-Gases, vapors, mists, fumes and dusts enter through the nose or mouth.
Ingestion-Liquid and solid chemicals enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract.
Dermal-Chemicals enter the body when absorbed by the skin
Injection-Chemicals enter the body when sharp objects such as used needles and broken glass puncture the skin.
Route of exposure through Gases, vapors, mists, fumes and dusts enter through the nose or mouth.
Inhalation
Route of exposure through Liquid and solid chemicals enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract.
Ingestion
Route lf exposure through Chemicals enter the body when absorbed by the skin
Dermal
Route of exposure through Chemicals enter the body when sharp objects such as used needle and broken glass puncture the skin.
Injection
Used for measuring mass
Balance
Used to hold, mix and heat liquids
Beaker
Used to pick up beakers
Beaker tongs
Used for dispensing an accurate volume of a liquid
Burette
Used for holding chemicals during heating to very high temperatures
Crucible
Used to hold crucibles
Crucible tongs
Used to hold and mix chemicals.The small neck is to facilitate mixing without spilling
Erlenmeyer flask
Used to heat liquids for evaporation
Evaporating dish
Used to transfer liquids or fine
grained materials into containers
with small openings. Also used for filtration
Funnel
Used to measure a precise volume
of a liquid
Graduated cylinder
Used to support a container, such as
a beaker, on a ring stand while it is
being heated. May have a fiberglass or ceramic center
Wire gauze
Used to crush and grind materials
Mortar and pestle
Used with a ring stand to hold
glassware, such as a beaker or a
funnel
Ring clamp
Used to hold or clamp laboratory
glassware and other equipment in
place, so it does not fall down or
come apart
Ring stand
Used for stirring and mixing
Stirring rod
Used to hold and mix liquids
Test tube
Used to hold a test tube, particularly when hot
Test tube clamp
Used to measure temperature in Celsius
Thermometer
(digital or alcohol,
notmercury)
Used to secure glassware to a ring stand
Utility clamp
Used to prepare solutions to an accurate volume
Volumetric flask
Used to rinse pieces of glassware
and to add small quantities of water
Wash bottle
Used to hold solids while they are
being weighed or to cover a beaker
Watch glass
