2ND YEAR 1ST SEM MODULE 1 - LABORATORY SAFETY Flashcards
A chemical that causes an allergic reaction— that is, evokes anadverse immune response (could be a severe rash or respiratory distress).
Allergen (sensitizer)
A gas or vapor that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocationdue to lack of oxygen.
Asphyxiant
The temperature at or above which a substance willspontaneously ignite or catch fire without a spark or flame.
Autoignition temperature
An infectious agent, or part thereof, that presents a real or potential risk to the well-being of humans, animals or plants. It can present a hazard directly through infection or indirectly through the disruption of the environment
Biohazard
A substance that is capable of causing cancer.
Carcinogen
A highly reactive substance that causes obvious damage to living tissue bychemical action
Corrosive
:Direct contact with a hazard or chemical in a way that causes injury or harm.
Exposure
The established concentration of a chemical that most people could beexposed to in a typical day without experiencing adverse effects. See the table below forthe various types of exposure limits. Exposure limits help in understanding the relativerisks of chemicals.
Exposure limit
Types of exposure limit
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Threshold Limit Value (TVL)
Immediate Danger To Life Or Health (IDHL)
Specifies the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical to which a worker may be exposed. It can be established in one of two ways: 1) Ceiling values: At no time should this exposure limit be exceeded and 2) 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA): An average value of exposure over the course of an 8-hour work shift.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)-
Denotes the level of exposure that nearly all workers can experience without an unreasonable risk of disease or injury. Defined as ceiling limits, short-term exposure limits (STEL), and TWAs. It should be noted that these are only advisory limits and not enforceable by law. These may be the same as PELs
Threshold Limit Value (TVL)
Specifies a level of exposure that is immediately dangerous to life and/or health.
Immediate Danger To Life Or Health (IDHL)
A substance that enters the maternal and placental circulation and causesinjury or death to the fetus
Fetotoxicant
A substance that easily catches fire. As defined by the GHS, a flammablesubstance is one that has a flash point at or above 73 °F (23 °C) and below 140 °F (60 °C).
Flammable
has a flash point below 73 °F (23 °C) and an initial boilingpoint above 95 °F (35 °C).
A highly flammable substance
has a flash point below 73 °F(23 °C) and an initial boiling point below 95 °F (35 °C).
An extremely flammable substance
The lowest temperature at which a liquid or solid can produce a vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture in the air. The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite the material.
Flash point
A substance capable of changing genetic material in a cell and thus increasing the frequency of mutations
Mutagen
An unexpected event in which the rate of reaction increases significantly, resulting in a significant increase in temperature. The increase in temperature causes the rate of reaction to increase, further increasing the rate and tending to create an uncontrolled, often heat-producing, reaction
Runaway reaction
An agent that can cause non-inheritable genetic mutations or malformationsof an embryo or fetus. The agent can be a chemical substance, virus, or ionizing radiation.
Teratogen
Any substance that has the capacity to produce personal injury or illness to humans through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through any body surface, as defined by Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) regulation.
Toxic
The adverse effects of a substance resulting from a single exposure ormultiple exposures over a very short time span (less than 24 hours). Acute toxicity isusually determined by exposing animals to a given chemical to determine the lethal dose,50% (LD50). This is an experimental measure determined by administering varied doses of achemical by some route to animals, observing the percentage lethality at these doses, andextrapolating to estimate the dose that would kill 50% of the animals.
Acute toxicity
Types of Acute Toxicant
Asphyxiant, Irritant, Neurotoxicant, Organ toxicant, Sensitizer/allergen, Teratogen or fetotoxicant