2nd test Flashcards
What is a pathogenic?
A microorganism that causes diseases
Blood borne pathogens
Infectious microorganisms present in blood and other body fluids and tissues that can cause infectious diseases
What does HAI mean?
Health care associated infections ( nonsocomial)
What are HAIs?
Infections that a patient gets after admission to a health care facility.
What does NIOSH stand for?
National institution for occupational safety and health
Most common Hai?
Urinary tract infection (uti)
What does the NIOSH do?
Provide research on the types of HAIs in nationwide health care facilities to determine methods to decrease and avoid to avoid infection.
What does the CDC stand for?
Center for disease control and prevention
What’s does the cdc do??
Provides infection control and safety guidelines to protect health care workers and patients from infections.
What are aseptic techniques?
The cornerstones for infection protection of patient and health care workers, particularly when collecting blood.
Aseptic techniques include?
Frequent hand hygiene, use barrier garments and personal protective equipment(ppe), avoid using mobile phone in clinical settings, waste management of contaminated materials, use of proper cleaning solution, use of standard precautions, use of sterile procedures when necessary.
What pathogens are antibiotic resistant and create serious problems in the u.s and worldwide?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) and vancomycin- resistant enterococci (VRE)
What are some blood- borne pathogens?
Hepatitis A,B,C,D and E; human immunodeficiency (HIV); syphilis; and malaria
Who established universal precautions?
Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)
What’s is the 29 CFR 1930.1030?
requires that universal precautions be observed to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials.
Protocol for hepatitis B
-Test for HBsAG and anti-HBC/ anti-HBs to determine infection status
- if not positive the hepatitis B immunization should be given in a series of three doses
Protocol for influenza (flu)
- annual (yearly) influenza vaccination
Protocol for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
-two doses of MMR for measles and mumps
- one dose of MMR for rubella
Protocol for pertussis
- one does of TDAP ( recommended to get a TDAP every 10 years)
Protocol for varicella (chicken pox)
- written document with two doses of vaccine
-laboratory evidence of immunity or laboratory confirmation of disease
-diagnostic of history for varicella
Protocol for Meningococcal
- two doses series and of meningococcal conjugate virus
-those in high risk should revaccinate every 5 years
What is the chain of infection ?
- pathogen
-reservoir
-portal of exit
-mode of transmission
-portal of entry - susceptible host
The five modes of transmission?
- direct contact
- air
- medical and instruments
- other objects
- other vectors
What are formites?
Objects that can harbor infectious agents and transmit infection
Where for formites are found in health care facilities ?
Computer keyboard, doorknobs, telephones, countertops, scrub suits, phlebotomy tray, shoes, eyeglasses, pens, water faucet, laboratory coats, manual and books, phlebotomy supplies, and Iv equipment.
How can you stop the chain of infections?
Washing you hands
Percutaneous
Through the skin
Permucosal
Through mucous membrane of the mouth, eye, and nose
How many paper towel do you use ?
3 napkins
Sequence of putting on personal protective equipment (PPE)
- gown
- mask or respirator
- goggles or face shield
-glove’s
Sequence for removing personal protection equipment
-gloves
- googles or face shield, gown, mask or respirator
Disinfectant
Chemical compounds used to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms
Who regulated chemical disinfectants?
Environmental protection agency )EPA
Antiseptic
Chemical used to inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms, don’t necessarily kill them
What is a vector ?
Living things that harbor infectious agents and transmit infections
How many times can you sanitize your hands?
Two times, you wash them after
Chemical most effictive as an antiseptic for cleaning the blood collection site?
Chlorhexidine
