2nd Shifting Exam [Lessons 5-8] Flashcards
(227 cards)
An antimicrobial drug that can eradicate an infection in the absence of host defense mechanisms.
Bactericidal
True or False
Bactericidal drugs need the participation of the immune system to eradicate bacteria.
False
BacterioSTATIC drugs requires the host defense mechanisms
Which of the following is not an bactericidal drug?
A. Rifampin
B. Metronidazole
C. Erythromycin
D. Quinolones
C. Erythromycin
Explanation: Erythromycin is a macrolide therefore, it is bacteriostatic. Macrolides are protein synthesis inhibitors, thus making it bacteriostatic.
Which of the following antimicrobial drugs does NOT kill bacteria, but eradicates infections
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic
B. Bacteriostatic
Bactericidal drugs kills the bacteria
Which of the following is an bacteriostatic drug?
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Clindamycin
C. Trimethoprim
D. Vancomycin
D. Vancomycin
This type of antibiotics include penicillin, cephalosporins, and carbapenems.
Beta-lactam antibiotics
True or False
This ring must be intact for antimicrobial action.
Beta-lactam ring
These are bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze the beta-lactam rings of certain penicillins, and chelosporins.
Beta-lactamases
True or False
Beta-lactamases are responsible for bacterial resistance.
True
Potent inhibitors of some bacterial beta-lactamases used in combination to protect hydrolyzable penicillin from inactivation.
Beta-lactam inhibitors
Lowest concentration of antimicrobial drug capable of inhibiting growth of an organism in a defined growth medium.
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
It is a bacterial cytoplasmic membrane proteins that act as the initial receptors for penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics.
A. Penicillin Binding Proteins
B. Penicillin Inhibitors
A. Penicillin Binding Proteins
execute its antibacterial effect.
This is where penicillin binds to perform its antimicrobial effects
Chains of polysaccharides and polypeptides that are cross-linked to form the bacterial cell wall.
Peptidoglycan
True or False
Peptidoglycan are present among gram (-) bacteria.
False
True or False
Selective toxicity is when antimicrobial drugs are less toxic to the invader (bacteria) than to the host;
False
It is when drugs are MORE toxic to the bacteria than the host
Bacterial enzymes involved in the cross-linking of linear peptidoglycan chains, the final step in cell wall synthesis
Transpeptidase
It is a method of testing where each test tube contains varying concentrations of the antibiotic.
Kirby Bauer Method
This is one way to measure bacterial growth.
Turbidity
This is a method where you put in the cultureand note if there’s bacterial growth by determining its turbidity.
Turbidimetric Method
True or False
The higher the concentration, the faster the turbidity disappears
True
True or False
To determine the MIC of the antibiotic, the medium used to test must be clear from any turbidity.
True
Explanation: Let’s say at 300 mcg concentration of the antibiotic there is the clear medium. So that means that is the concentration which inhibited the growth of that bacteria. You will now say that 300 mcg is the MIC of that antibiotic
Which of the following does not happen during microbial resistance?
A. Production of antibiotic-inactivating enzymes (B-lactamase)
B. Changes in the structure of target receptors
C. Decreased efflux via drug transporters
D. Decreases in the permeability of microbes’ cellular membrane to antibiotics
C. Decreased efflux via drug transporters
Increased efflux via drug transporters
It is when antibiotic is transported outside the bacteria
Efflux
What happens when antibiotic cannot penetrate the cell membrane
Drug cannot take effect therefore developing resistance