2nd Semester Finals Flashcards
These texts aim to precisely condense a larger work and present only the key ideas
Abstract, Precis, or Summary
The purpose is simply to pique the interest of the target audience.
Descriptive Abstract
- Readily present the key ideas and major findings of the study.
Summative Abstract
- is a brief summary of a study that highlights its key points.
Research Abstract
A brief and clear explanation of the main ideas and key details presented in the text.
Summary
It provides an overview of the project, and helps funding agencies eliminate proposals that are likely to be disapproved.
Concept Paper
The following are the uses of concept paper:
•It serves as a foundation of the full proposal.
•It helps determine whether a certain project is feasible or not.
•It is used to pique the interest of the potential funding agencies..
•It is used to obtain to informal feedback on the ideas prior to preparing full potential.
Three WAYS OF EXPLAINING
A CONCEPT
DEFINITION
EXPLICATION
CLARIFICATION
explains a term by incorporating the term to be defined (species, the general category of the term (genus), and the quality that makes the term different from other terms in the same category (differentia).
Example:
Vitamin E) is a light yellow fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an anti-oxidant.
FORMAL DEFINITION
is a detailed way of defining a term and is usually composed of at least one paragraph.
EXTENDED DEFINITION
The method of identifying a given term and making its meaning clear.
DEFINITION
A definition can be presented in three ways:
informal
formal
extended
An informal definition is done through a parenthetical or brief explanation.
Example:
Tocopherol (Vitamin E) is naturally found in vegetable oil, fish, and nuts.
INFORMAL DEFINITION
SIGNAL WORDS FOR DEFINITION
as defined
for example
for instance
is defined as
means
such as
to define
to illustrate
is a method of explanation in which the points are organized from a general is a method of concrete examples.
CLARIFICATION
is a method of explanation in which sentences, verses, quotes, or passages are taken from a literary or academic work and then interpreted and explained in a detailed way.
EXPLICATION
A concept paper usually ranges from _ words and is usually divided into several parts.
500 to 2000 words
CONCEPT PAPER FOR A PROJECT (Structure)
- Cover Page
- Introduction
- Rationale or Background
- Project Description
- Project Needs and Cost
• State the name of the proponents and their affiliations.
• State the addresses, contact numbers, and email addresses of the proponents.
• State the head of the agency and his or her contact information.
• State the date of submission.
Cover Page
• State the information about the funding agency to show that you understand its mission.
• State the mission of the agency that the proponents represent and align it to the funding agency’s mission. Also, state the year the proponents’ agency was established, its major accomplishments, and other details that demonstrate its capability to undertake the proposed project.
• Present and describe other partner agencies and why they are qualified.
• Provide reasons why the funding agency should support the broiect.
Introduction
• State the gap in knowledge to be addressed by the project.
• State the problems to be solved.
• State the project’s significance.
Rationale or Background
• State the goals and objectives of the project.
• Present the methodology (sometimes termed as Action Plan, Project Activities, or Approach).
• Present the timeline expressed in months and years.
• State the benefits or anticipated outcomes.
• State how the success of outcomes will be evaluated.
Project Description
• Outline the main budget; include the item description and amount.
• Explain or justify how the budget will be used.
• List the personnel or equipment needed for the project.
Project Needs and Cost
This presents the writer’s viewpoint on an issue.
• Outlines arguments and proposes a course of action.
• Engages in a larger debate and influences opinions.
• Can serve as a tool for societal change
Position Paper
PARTS OF A POSITION PAPER
- Introduction
- Body
- Conclusion
•Captures readers’ attention.
•Defines the issue and provides background.
•States the writer’s position through a thesis statement.
Introduction
•Presents main arguments.
•Supports arguments with evidence (e.g., data, expert opinions, testimonies).
•Addresses counterarguments.
Body
• Restates position and key arguments.
•Suggests a course of action.
•Highlights the strength of the position.
• Ends with a powerful closing statement.
Conclusion
PARTS OF A POSITION PAPER
- Introduction
- Body
- Conclusion
In choosing an issue for the position paper, it should have the following characteristics:
• Must be debatable.
• Should be current and relevant.
• Framed as a yes/no question.
• Narrow and manageable.
Use the _ voice as much as possible to achieve a dynamic and firm tone.
active voice
Arrange your evidence logically using these two approaches.
inductive or deductive approach
Specific to general.
Inductive approach
General to specific.
Deductive approach
Concept Paper for Academic Research (Structure)
- Title page
- Background of the study
- Preliminary Literature Review
- Statement of the Problem/Objectives
- Abridged Methodology
- Timeline
- References
• State your research title.
• State your name and school.
• State the date of submission.
Title Page
• Provide the current state of the field you are researching on.
• State the gap in knowledge and problems to be addressed by the research. Provide statistics and previous studies to prove your claims.
• State the reasons why you want to investigate on the chosen topic.
• State the theoretical and practical implications of your proposed research.
Background of the study
• Provide a theoretical framework. The theoretical framework includes the theory that will guide you in conducting your research.
• Provide related literature that supports your topic.
• Provide related studies that will help you in conducting the research or analyzing and discussing the data.
• Provide a brief synthesis of the reviewed literature and studies.
Preliminary Literature Review
The _ includes the theory that will guide you in conducting your research.
theoretical framework
• State your general objective in one sentence.
• State your specific research questions or objectives.
Statement of the Problem/Objectives
• Present the research design
• Provide the context and participants of the study.
• Provide the instruments to be used.
• Provide the data collection procedure.
• Provide the data analysis scheme to be used.
Abridged Methodology
• Provide a timeline (e.g., Gantt chart) set in months and years.
Timeline
Provide a list of all books, journals, and other resources cited in your paper.
References
These are specialized forms of writing in which reviewer or reader evaluates any of following:
•A scholarly work (academic books and articles)
•A work of art ( performance art, play, dance, sport, film, exhibits)
• Design ( industrial designs, fashion design)
•Graphic desians (posters, billboards.
Reaction Paper, Review, Critique
CRITICAL APPROACHES IN
WRITING A CRITIQUE
- Formalist Criticism or Formalism
- Feminist Criticism or Feminism
- Reader Response Criticism
- Marxist criticism
claims that literary works contain intrinsic properties and treats each work as a distinct work of art.
ELEMENTS
Formalist Criticism or Formalism
on women
Feminist Criticism or Feminism
is concerned with differences between economic classes and implication of a capitalist system.
Marxist criticism
