2nd Semester Final Vocab

Question 1

What is an apagogic argument?

Answer 1

an argument where there’s only two systems and if one is proved wrong then the other must be correct

Question 2

What does a phenomenalist believe about the nature of reality?

Answer 2

that there are only just the appearances of things, not anything behind them

Question 3

dada

Answer 3

artistic movement in which artists rejected tradition and produced works that often shocked their viewers

Question 4

Josef Breuer

Answer 4

studied hypnotism and treated patients with it

worked with Freud

Question 5

zero state

Answer 5

death drive

Question 6

thanatos

Answer 6

death-wish

god of death

Question 7

seduction theory

Answer 7

Freud’s statement that hysteria is caused by childhood sexual abuse

Question 8

psychoanalysis

Answer 8

patient and therapist could release previously repressed feelings, patient gains self-insight.

Question 9

pleasure

Answer 9

satisfaction of instincts

Question 10

Ambiguity

Answer 10

we are both free and determined

Question 11

anguish

Answer 11

anxiety and pain from having to choose

Question 12

master-slave dialectic

Answer 12

Hegel’s account of the confrontation between an all-powerful master and his presumably powerless slave, but master is dependent on slave

Question 13

moravia

Answer 13

Eastern part of the Czech Republic where Freud was born

Question 14

Jean Charcot

Answer 14

Hypnosis as treatment

Mentor to Freud

Question 15

neurosis

Answer 15

phobias, hysteria, and paranoia are symptoms from past trauma that is now hidden from consciousness

Question 16

The Project

Answer 16

Freud’s book

Question 17

Carl Jung

Answer 17

analytic psychologist; said people had conscious and unconscious awareness

Question 18

Adolf Adler

Answer 18

worked with Freud in Vienna Psychoanalytic Society

inferiority complex

Question 19

Wilhelm Reich

Answer 19

Austrian psychoanalyst who studied with Freud, founder of somatic therapy

Question 20

free association

Answer 20

clients express themselves without censorship of any sort

Question 21

hypnosis

Answer 21

hypnotist suggests to the subject that random mental feelings and thoughts will occur

Question 22

interpretation

Answer 22

the analyst’s noting of significant behaviors in order to promote insight

Question 23

suggestion

Answer 23

an idea about what someone should do or behave

Question 24

transference

Answer 24

the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

Question 25

unconscious

Answer 25

a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts and feelings

Question 26

dynamic

Answer 26

interaction between different forces

Question 27

resistance

Answer 27

the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Question 28

consciousness

Answer 28

awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 29

defenses

Answer 29

mechanisms that we use to avoid anxiety

Question 30

principle of sufficient reason

Answer 30

everything must have a reason or cause

Question 31

regressive method

Answer 31

studying earlier forms

Question 32

energy

Answer 32

unconscious mental functioning

Question 33

displacement

Answer 33

defense mechanism that shifts impulses toward a less threatening object

Question 34

condensation

Answer 34

dream thoughts are often combined into one manifest dream

Question 35

sublimation

Answer 35

turning unacceptable urges into acceptable behavior

Question 36

impulse

Answer 36

A sudden, involuntary urge for something

Question 37

repression

Answer 37

the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety from consciousness

Question 38

pleasure principle

Answer 38

mind seeks to discharge tension when tension builds up

Question 39

reality principle

Answer 39

ego postpones gratification until it finds right outlet

Question 40

discharged

Answer 40

uttered, remembered

Question 41

cathected

Answer 41

posses a memory, releases tension

Question 42

psychopathological

Answer 42

mental disorders

Question 43

free association

Answer 43

say whatever is on your mind without censorship

Question 44

interpretation

Answer 44

analyst figures out what is manifest

Question 45

transference

Answer 45

the patient’s relation to emotions linked with other relationships

Question 46

Helmholtz

Answer 46

conservation of energy

Question 47

neurology

Answer 47

study of the nervous system

Question 48

pre-conscious

Answer 48

material just beneath the surface of awareness

Question 49

consciousness

Answer 49

describes a state of our knowledge

Question 50

descriptive unconscious

Answer 50

knowledge that we are not conscious of

Question 51

dynamic unconscious

Answer 51

powerful mental ideas that can produce effects

Question 52

ego (das ich)

Answer 52

what used to be consciousness

Question 53

id (das es)

Answer 53

what used to be descriptively unconscious

Question 54

superego (das Überich)

Answer 54

new idea - conscience

Question 55

phaedo

Answer 55

by Plato, explores the concept of afterlife and introduces Plato’s concept of forms

Question 56

zopyrus

Answer 56

chopped off his ears and nose in order to pretend to be punished by Darius in order to take control of an enemy army

Question 57

monstrum in fronte, monstrum in animo

Answer 57

monster in face, monster in soul

ugly people are evil

Question 58

amphipolis

Answer 58

Macedonian city that was used by Athens for its resources

Question 59

dialectics

Answer 59

debate, truth through discussion

Question 60

wohlsein

Answer 60

nature; health, whole, holy

Question 61

noumenon

Answer 61

the thing itself as it appears to an observer

Question 62

nihilism

Answer 62

nothing at base of moral order

Question 63

castratism

Answer 63

Prepubescent castration

Question 64

anti-naturalism

Answer 64

replaces life with kingdom of heaven

Question 65

chandala

Answer 65

the lowest caste, meaning “untouchable”

Question 66

what does the word ‘phenomenon’ mean for Kant?

Answer 66

appearance of things

Question 67

what does chthonic mean?

Answer 67

of the Earth