2nd Semester Final Review Flashcards
How many stages are there in the healing of a bone fracture?
Four stage
What type of fracture is common in children?
Greenstick Fracture
A _______ is a narrow slit-like opening and a _____ is a shallow basin-like depression serving as an articular surface.
Fissure; Fossa
What is located om the humorous?
The greater tubercle
There are ____ true ribs and ___ floating ribs.
7; 2
What is the structure found on the Femur?
Intercondular Fossa
What are the five regions of the vertebral column in roder from superior to inferior/
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal
The brain and spinal cord make up what system,?
Central Nervous system
The synaptic cleft is found in between what?
Neurons
The point where communication occurs between neurons.
Synaptic Cleft
What part of the neuron receives information?
Dendrites
_____ nerves are white in color, while ____ are grey
Myelninated; unmeylinated
Whta nerve is faster than the unmyelinated?
Myelinated
Nerves impulse propagation requires what?
action potential
What is released at the axon terminal?
Neurotransmitters
What enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles?
The frontal Lobe
What controls our body’s temperature?
Hypothalamus
What is a bacterial or viral irritation of the conjunctiva?
Pinkeye
What is the white of the eye?
Sclera
What is the pigmented portion of the eye?
Iris
What is the transparent anterior portion of the Sclera?
The Cornea
What is located in the middle ear/
Ossicles
What is another name for the tympanic membrane?
The Eardrum
Where are are the hair cells used for hearing located?
Organ of Corti
What are the taste sensations?
Bitter, Salty, sweet, and Sour
Chemo-receptors are the receptors for?
Taste and Smell
What is located within the Sphenoid bone?
Pituitary Gland
What is the the lutenzing hormone in men called?
Interstitial cell stimulating hormone
What does not control the body’s coordination?
Hormones
What is not produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Oxytocin
The binding of a hormomne to its target cell does not usually cause what?
Cellular mutation
What is the hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood?
Acromegaly
Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to reabsorb what?
Sodium
What is the antagoinst to calcitonin?
Parathormone
What is necessary for proper thyroid function?
Iodine
What is the hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood?
Cretinism
What may indicate a malfumction of the parathyroid gland?
Tetany
What is another name for antidiuretic hormone?
Vasopressin
What is not produced by the adrenal cortex?
Epinephrine
The posterior [pituitary is not strictly and endocrine gland because why?
It releases hormones
What are the tiny masses found on the [osterior surface of the thyroid gland?
Parathyroid glands
What stimulates the osteoclast decrease the calcium within the bones?
PTH
What helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
What is produced by the beta cells?
Insulin
What has a hypoglcemic effect?
Insulin
What is responsible for the maturation of the T lymphocytes?
Thymosin
What disease is the hypo secretion of the adrenal cortex hormones?
Addison’s Disease
What flows to the heart?
Lymph
What does not have similiar valves to veins?
Lymph nodes
The thymus programs the _____ cells at peak levesll during youth.
T
The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the what quadrant?
The right Upper quadrant?
______ are lymph tissue found omn the walls of the small intestine?
Peyer’s Patches
The pumping action of the heart does or does not aid in lymph return?
Does not
What is slower the specific or non specific body system?
Specific body system
Macrophages do or do not circulate throughout the body?
Do not
Is the appendix a lymphatic organ?
No
What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
Redness, heat,swelling, pain
What is one of the first line of defense?
Mucous membrane
What are two chemicals released immediately after injury occurs?
Histamine and Kinin
What protects nearby cells from viruses? (Its a protein)
Inteferon
What is the bodys thermostat?
The hypothalamus
What is the valve that is atrioventricular and found on the right side of the hear?
Tricuspid Valve
The left atrium recieves blood rom what veins?
Pulmonary Veins
The aortic semilunar valve (3 cusps) opens when the ventricle is in what?
Systole
The mitral valve prevents back flow into what?
Left atrium
What carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary vein
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
The SA node
The aorta receives blood during ____ ___ _____, and the _____ _____ receives blood during right ventricular systole.
Left Ventricle systole; pulmonary trunk
What is the volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle during systole?
Stoke volume
What is a fast heart beat called?
Tachycardia
What is a slower heart beat called?
Bradycardia
The “lub” sound is long and loud because?
It is the closure of the AV valve
Why do substances leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary?
Blood pressure is higher
What do incompetent venous veins cause?
Varicose veins
What is the blood flow path?
Arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
What causes increased peripheral resistance?
Atherosclerosis
What is the order of blood vessel from outer to inner?
Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intimas
What modifies epidermal cholestrol into vitman D?
Skin
What are the epithelial tissue membranes?
Cutaneous; Mucous; Serous
What layer of skin is made up of keratinized cells with no blood supply?
Epidermis
What system causes vasoconstriction to occur?
The sympathetic nervous system
What kind of membrane lines the body cavities that open to the outside?
Mucous membrane
What is another name for the cutaneous membrane?
Skin
What is the synovial membrane composed of?
Connective tissue
What is made up of sweat glands, hair, and nails?
Skin
The hypodermis is made up of what type of tissue?
Adipose (fat) tissue
Melanocytes are made where?
The stratum basale
What protects DNA from damaging UV radiation?
Melanin
Where is the dermal papillary layer?
In the upper dermal region
What material do the fetal sebaceous glands produce?
Vernix Caseosa
What is contact dermatitis?
Skin exposure to chemicals
Nails are scale like modifications of the what?
Epidermis
What is the rule of nine used for?
Estimating the fluid loss in burn patients.
What is the first threat to a third-degree burn patient?
Dehydration
The ankle bones are considered ______, and the vertebrae are _________?
Short; irregular
What are the most important minerals stored in the bone?
Calcium and phosphorus
______marrow stores fat and ______ marrow makes blood cells.
Yellow; Red
The presence of an _____ means that the bone is still lengthening (growing)
Epiphyseal plate
What connects the periosteum to the compact bone?
Sharpey’s fibers
What type of fracture is common in and osteoporotic bone?
A compression fracture
What is it called when a bone is exposed to the outside?
Compound fracture
What type of fracture is a crushed bone?
Compression fracture.
The foramen magnum passes through what bone?
Occipital bone
A comminuted fracture is what?
Where the bone is fragmented
Histamine and kinin do not stimulate what?
Lysozyme
