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Anatomy/Physiology > 2nd Semester Final Review > Flashcards

2nd Semester Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

How many stages are there in the healing of a bone fracture?

A

Four stage

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2
Q

What type of fracture is common in children?

A

Greenstick Fracture

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3
Q

A _______ is a narrow slit-like opening and a _____ is a shallow basin-like depression serving as an articular surface.

A

Fissure; Fossa

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4
Q

What is located om the humorous?

A

The greater tubercle

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5
Q

There are ____ true ribs and ___ floating ribs.

A

7; 2

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6
Q

What is the structure found on the Femur?

A

Intercondular Fossa

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7
Q

What are the five regions of the vertebral column in roder from superior to inferior/

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal

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8
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up what system,?

A

Central Nervous system

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9
Q

The synaptic cleft is found in between what?

A

Neurons

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10
Q

The point where communication occurs between neurons.

A

Synaptic Cleft

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11
Q

What part of the neuron receives information?

A

Dendrites

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12
Q

_____ nerves are white in color, while ____ are grey

A

Myelninated; unmeylinated

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13
Q

Whta nerve is faster than the unmyelinated?

A

Myelinated

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14
Q

Nerves impulse propagation requires what?

A

action potential

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15
Q

What is released at the axon terminal?

A

Neurotransmitters

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16
Q

What enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

A

The frontal Lobe

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17
Q

What controls our body’s temperature?

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

What is a bacterial or viral irritation of the conjunctiva?

A

Pinkeye

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19
Q

What is the white of the eye?

A

Sclera

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20
Q

What is the pigmented portion of the eye?

A

Iris

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21
Q

What is the transparent anterior portion of the Sclera?

A

The Cornea

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22
Q

What is located in the middle ear/

A

Ossicles

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23
Q

What is another name for the tympanic membrane?

A

The Eardrum

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24
Q

Where are are the hair cells used for hearing located?

A

Organ of Corti

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25
Q

What are the taste sensations?

A

Bitter, Salty, sweet, and Sour

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26
Q

Chemo-receptors are the receptors for?

A

Taste and Smell

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27
Q

What is located within the Sphenoid bone?

A

Pituitary Gland

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28
Q

What is the the lutenzing hormone in men called?

A

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone

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29
Q

What does not control the body’s coordination?

A

Hormones

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30
Q

What is not produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Oxytocin

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31
Q

The binding of a hormomne to its target cell does not usually cause what?

A

Cellular mutation

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32
Q

What is the hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood?

A

Acromegaly

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33
Q

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to reabsorb what?

A

Sodium

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34
Q

What is the antagoinst to calcitonin?

A

Parathormone

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35
Q

What is necessary for proper thyroid function?

A

Iodine

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36
Q

What is the hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood?

A

Cretinism

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37
Q

What may indicate a malfumction of the parathyroid gland?

A

Tetany

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38
Q

What is another name for antidiuretic hormone?

A

Vasopressin

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39
Q

What is not produced by the adrenal cortex?

A

Epinephrine

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40
Q

The posterior [pituitary is not strictly and endocrine gland because why?

A

It releases hormones

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41
Q

What are the tiny masses found on the [osterior surface of the thyroid gland?

A

Parathyroid glands

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42
Q

What stimulates the osteoclast decrease the calcium within the bones?

A

PTH

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43
Q

What helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle?

A

Melatonin

44
Q

What is produced by the beta cells?

A

Insulin

45
Q

What has a hypoglcemic effect?

A

Insulin

46
Q

What is responsible for the maturation of the T lymphocytes?

A

Thymosin

47
Q

What disease is the hypo secretion of the adrenal cortex hormones?

A

Addison’s Disease

48
Q

What flows to the heart?

A

Lymph

49
Q

What does not have similiar valves to veins?

A

Lymph nodes

50
Q

The thymus programs the _____ cells at peak levesll during youth.

A

T

51
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the what quadrant?

A

The right Upper quadrant?

52
Q

______ are lymph tissue found omn the walls of the small intestine?

A

Peyer’s Patches

53
Q

The pumping action of the heart does or does not aid in lymph return?

A

Does not

54
Q

What is slower the specific or non specific body system?

A

Specific body system

55
Q

Macrophages do or do not circulate throughout the body?

A

Do not

56
Q

Is the appendix a lymphatic organ?

A

No

57
Q

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Redness, heat,swelling, pain

58
Q

What is one of the first line of defense?

A

Mucous membrane

59
Q

What are two chemicals released immediately after injury occurs?

A

Histamine and Kinin

60
Q

What protects nearby cells from viruses? (Its a protein)

A

Inteferon

61
Q

What is the bodys thermostat?

A

The hypothalamus

62
Q

What is the valve that is atrioventricular and found on the right side of the hear?

A

Tricuspid Valve

63
Q

The left atrium recieves blood rom what veins?

A

Pulmonary Veins

64
Q

The aortic semilunar valve (3 cusps) opens when the ventricle is in what?

A

Systole

65
Q

The mitral valve prevents back flow into what?

A

Left atrium

66
Q

What carries oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary vein

67
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

The SA node

68
Q

The aorta receives blood during ____ ___ _____, and the _____ _____ receives blood during right ventricular systole.

A

Left Ventricle systole; pulmonary trunk

69
Q

What is the volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle during systole?

A

Stoke volume

70
Q

What is a fast heart beat called?

A

Tachycardia

71
Q

What is a slower heart beat called?

A

Bradycardia

72
Q

The “lub” sound is long and loud because?

A

It is the closure of the AV valve

73
Q

Why do substances leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary?

A

Blood pressure is higher

74
Q

What do incompetent venous veins cause?

A

Varicose veins

75
Q

What is the blood flow path?

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

76
Q

What causes increased peripheral resistance?

A

Atherosclerosis

77
Q

What is the order of blood vessel from outer to inner?

A

Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intimas

78
Q

What modifies epidermal cholestrol into vitman D?

A

Skin

79
Q

What are the epithelial tissue membranes?

A

Cutaneous; Mucous; Serous

80
Q

What layer of skin is made up of keratinized cells with no blood supply?

A

Epidermis

81
Q

What system causes vasoconstriction to occur?

A

The sympathetic nervous system

82
Q

What kind of membrane lines the body cavities that open to the outside?

A

Mucous membrane

83
Q

What is another name for the cutaneous membrane?

A

Skin

84
Q

What is the synovial membrane composed of?

A

Connective tissue

85
Q

What is made up of sweat glands, hair, and nails?

A

Skin

86
Q

The hypodermis is made up of what type of tissue?

A

Adipose (fat) tissue

87
Q

Melanocytes are made where?

A

The stratum basale

88
Q

What protects DNA from damaging UV radiation?

A

Melanin

89
Q

Where is the dermal papillary layer?

A

In the upper dermal region

90
Q

What material do the fetal sebaceous glands produce?

A

Vernix Caseosa

91
Q

What is contact dermatitis?

A

Skin exposure to chemicals

92
Q

Nails are scale like modifications of the what?

A

Epidermis

93
Q

What is the rule of nine used for?

A

Estimating the fluid loss in burn patients.

94
Q

What is the first threat to a third-degree burn patient?

A

Dehydration

95
Q

The ankle bones are considered ______, and the vertebrae are _________?

A

Short; irregular

96
Q

What are the most important minerals stored in the bone?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

97
Q

______marrow stores fat and ______ marrow makes blood cells.

A

Yellow; Red

98
Q

The presence of an _____ means that the bone is still lengthening (growing)

A

Epiphyseal plate

99
Q

What connects the periosteum to the compact bone?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

100
Q

What type of fracture is common in and osteoporotic bone?

A

A compression fracture

101
Q

What is it called when a bone is exposed to the outside?

A

Compound fracture

102
Q

What type of fracture is a crushed bone?

A

Compression fracture.

103
Q

The foramen magnum passes through what bone?

A

Occipital bone

104
Q

A comminuted fracture is what?

A

Where the bone is fragmented

105
Q

Histamine and kinin do not stimulate what?

A

Lysozyme

Anatomy/Physiology (10 decks)

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