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Physical diagnosis > 2nd semester exam > Flashcards

2nd semester exam Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal lobe

A

voluntary movement, personality, though, insight, judgment; speech

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2
Q

Parietal lobe

A

primary sensory cortex

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3
Q

Temporal lobe

A

memory, sensory integration, and hearing

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4
Q

Occipital lobe

A

primary vision cortex

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5
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordination of voluntary movements and balance

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6
Q

Brain stem

A

relay for ascending and descending tracts, cardiorespiratory center

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7
Q

spinal cord

A

conduit for ascending and descending tracts, reflex activity

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8
Q

Basal ganglia

A

automated movements

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9
Q

Thalmus

A

primary sensory relay

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A

temp, sleep, emotion, pituitary fxn

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11
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

voluntary muscle movements that originate in motor cortex

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12
Q

Extrapyramidal tract

A

maintain muscle tone and gross automated movements

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13
Q

cerebellar tract

A

coordination of movement; maintenance of equilibrium

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14
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

sensations of pain, temp, light tough

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15
Q

posterior columns

A

position sense, vibration, and discriminative touch

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16
Q

how many spinal nerves

A 
31:
8- cervical
12- thoracic 
5- lumbar
5 - sacral
1 - coccygeal
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17
Q

dysarthria

A

problem with motor speech

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18
Q

dysphonia

A

weak breathy voice

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19
Q

expressive aphasia

A

comprehension intact; can’t speak

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20
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

comprehension not intact; can speak

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21
Q

global aphasia

A

combo of receptive and expressive aphasia

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22
Q

apraxia

A

inability to follow commands

Praxis: ability to follow commands

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23
Q

agnosia

A

inability to recognize sensory stimuli

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24
Q

Biceps Reflex

A

C5, C6

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25
Q

Triceps Reflex

A

C7, C8

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26
Q

Patellar Reflex

A

L3, L4

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27
Q

Achilles Reflex

A

S1, S2

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28
Q

dysdiadokinesia

A

inability to do Rapid alternating movements:
slow & regular = cerebral dysfxn
Fast & irregular = Cerebellar dysfxn

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29
Q

dysmetria

A

consistent past-pointing, consistent with cerebellar disease

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30
Q

Amelia

A

Complete absence of a limb

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31
Q

Meromelia

A

partial absence of a limb

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32
Q

Special Test: Phalens

A

Hold posterior of hands together (+) if numbness or tingling

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33
Q

Special Test: Tinel

A

percuss over median nerve at wrist (+) tingling

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34
Q

Special Test: Thomas Test

A

pt supine, one leg extended and other flexed with knee to chest- assess patient’s ability to keep extended leg flat on table-
detects flexion contractures of the hip

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35
Q

Special Test: Trenelenburg

A

pt to stand on one leg then the other; note asymmetry in iliac crest; if iliac crest drops on side of lifted leg, hip abductor muscles on the weight-bearing side are weak- detects weak hip abductors

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36
Q

Valgus

A

Angulation of the distal extremity away from midline = Y legs

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37
Q

Varus

A

Angulation of distal extremity toward midline = Bow legs

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38
Q

Somatic Pain

A

Sharp, localized pain on the surface

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39
Q

Visceral Pain

A

Poorly localized, varies in quality and severity

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40
Q

Parietal Pain

A

Severe, steady and localized

pain worse with pressure/movement

41
Q

Referred pain

A

constant ache

42
Q

Hamburger sign

A

Are you hungry? if pt doesnt want to eat favorite foods then consider appendicitis

43
Q

Tenesmus

A

Spasm of anal sphincter, feeling of incomplete BM

44
Q

Jaundice

A

right upper quadrant pain, confusion or AMS, bleeding gums, back pain, dark urine

45
Q

Clubbing

A

crohn’s, celiac disease, malabsorption

46
Q

Palmar erythema

A

liver disease

47
Q

Asterixis

A

hepatic encephalopathy & kidney disease

hyperextended fingers and release - (+) is slow flap

48
Q

Xanthelasma

A

yellow lid plaques

cirrhosis or biliary obstruction

49
Q

Kayser-Fleischer rings

A

Brown-yellow corneal rings - wilson’s disease

50
Q

Panniculus

A

Fat belly over pubis

51
Q

Abdominal mass in rectus abdominus

A

more prominent when muscle contracted

ventral hernias

52
Q

Purpura - Abdomen

A

Hypersplenism

impaired clotting

53
Q

Spider Nevi

A

Liver disease

looks like a firework

54
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

discoloration around umbilicus due to bleeding
Pancreatitis
ectopic pregnancy

55
Q

Grey-Turner’s sign

A

Blue discoloration of the flanks - caused by acute, severe pancreatitis

56
Q

Capust Medusa

A

engorged veins across abdomen - portal HTN

57
Q

Borborygmi (sound)

A

Growling

58
Q

Markle Sign

A

Heel Jar test

59
Q

Murphy Sign

A

Pt will stop inspiring due to pain when feeling for liver edge
gallbladder or liver inflammation - acute cholecystitis

60
Q

Castell’s Sign

A

Spleen palpation

negative if cannot feel spleen

61
Q

Dyspepsia

A

heart burn

recurrent discomfort or burning pain centered in upper abdomen

62
Q

Peritoneal inflammation

A

Abdominal pain coughing upon light percussion

63
Q

Phimosis

A

tight skin that cannot be pulled back from head of penis

64
Q

Paraphimosis

A

foreskin cannot be pulled over penis - emergency

65
Q

Tanner stages

A

1: childhood size
2: Scrotum enlarges & reddens
3. penis gets longer
4. penis gets thicker
5. adult size

66
Q

Angiokeratoma of Fordyce

A

Vessicles have come to the surface - blanchable
normal - may bleed
if unilateral or rapid look for pelvic mass

67
Q

Balanitis

A

candida infection on penis

68
Q

Hypospadias

A

When urethra is on bottom of penis

69
Q

Peyronie’s Disease

A

Fibrosis of Turnica Albuginea with painful penile deviation when erect

70
Q

Hydrocele

A

increased fluid in scrotal sac

71
Q

Breast Arterial Supply

A

Off internal mammary arteries

lateral thoracic artery

72
Q

Breast Nerves

A

Long thoracic - innervates serratus anterior
abducts and laterally rotates scapula
Thoracodorsal nerve: in axilla and innervates latissimus dorsi: adducts, extends, medially rotates arm
Medial Pectoral nerve - innervates pectoralis major and minor

73
Q

breast exam guidelines

A

every 3 yrs from 20-39

74
Q

mammogram guidelines

A

Every 2 yrs from 50-74

75
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

fine, round, mobile, nontender

age 15-25

76
Q

Cysts

A

Soft to firm, round, mobile, non tender

age 25-50

77
Q

Fibrocystic changes

A

nodular, ropelike

78
Q

DEXA scan

A

once at 65 and repeat if necessary

79
Q

PAP smear

A

every 3 yrs starting at 21 -29 or 3 yrs after 1st intercourse
PAP w/ HPV every 5 yrs age 30-65
stop PAP but not pelvic exam at 65 if 3 consecutive normal results
identifies cervical cell changes that are present

80
Q

HPV

A

identifies virus that may cause changes before changes occur

81
Q

Menopause

A

absence of menses for 12 months

age 48-55

82
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

pain with menses

83
Q

Post - coital

A

bleeding after intercourse

84
Q

Amenorrhea

A

absence of mentrual period

85
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

infrequent menses

>35 day interval

86
Q

Hypomenorrhea

A

light, regular bleeding

87
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

menses too often

<21 day interval

88
Q

Menorrhagia

A

heavy menses

>80ml of blood

89
Q

Menstrual bleeding

A

25-80 ml of blood loss

90
Q

Metorrhagia

A

Intermenstrual bleeding

91
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Heavy menses at irregular or more frequent intervals

92
Q

GP (FPAL)

A 
G = # of pregnancies
F= full term (>36wks)
P=preterm pregnancies
A = abortions or miscarriages 
L = number of living children
93
Q

most common hernia in women

A

Indirect inguinal

94
Q

Uterine Myomas (Fibroids)

A

common benign tumors

single or multiple

95
Q

Prolapsed uterus

A

weakened pelvic floor muscles

associated with cystocele or rectocele

96
Q

cystocele

A

bladder pushes into vaginal wall

97
Q

cystourethrocele

A

entire anterior vaginal wall, bladder, and urethra is involved

98
Q

Rectocele

A

herniation of rectum into posterior vaginal wall

99
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Clue cells on wet mount

Physical diagnosis (1 decks)

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