2nd quiz reviewer Flashcards
a framework containing the
commonly accepted views about a subject, conventions
about what direction research should take, and how it
should be performed.
scientific paradigm
an American physicist and
philosopher of science who
introduced and brought the
concept of paradigm shift into the
common lexicon.
Thomas Kunn
This book suggested that a paradigm includes
“the practices that define scientific
discipline at a certain point in time”.
“The Structure
of Scientific Revolutions”
it is first used to describe the process and result of a
change in basic assumptions within the ruling theory of
science
Paradigm Shift
Kuhns’s phases of development of paradigm shifts in science:
Phase 1: Pre-science
Phase 2: Normal Science
Phase 3: Crisis
Phase 4: Revolution
Refers to the drastic changes in scientific thought in the different
fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry.
Scientific revolution
Refers to Greek speculation about “nature” in the period before
Socrates.
Intellectual revolution
Revolutionary astronomer and
a Polish mathematician.
► Developed his model of a Sun-
centered universe.
Nicholas Copernicus
It is the seminal work on the heliocentric
theory
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres)
Copernicus outlined
two kinds of planetary motion:
-The orbits of Venus and Mercury lay
inside the orbit of the Earth, thus
closer to the Sun.
-The orbits of and Mars, Saturn, and Jupiter lay outside the Earth’s orbit,
thus farther from the Sun.
Famous
Greek
philosopher
and
astronomer.
Claudius Ptolemy
The center of the solar system is
not the Earth but the sun.
Helocentrism
A superseded description of the
Universe with Earth at the center.
Geocentrism
A Danish nobleman, astronomer,
and writer is known for his accurate
and comprehensive astronomical
and planetary observations.
Tycho Brahe
He found his three laws of planetary
motion:
Johannes Kepler
