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Philosophy of the Human Person > 2nd Quarter - Philosophy > Flashcards

2nd Quarter - Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

> The ability to make choices and perform those choices.
The ability to be what we want and to decide and create oneself.

A

Freedom

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2
Q

Two concepts that will help us fully understand freedom:

A

> Freedom itself
Free will

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3
Q

According to Merriam Dictionary, it is the quality or state of being free. It is our capacity to choose of what we wanted and an inner awareness of what is right and wrong that is traced to our free will according to Aristotle. It is also an intrinsic and an essential property of a human person which basically means, it is a part of our human nature

A

Freedom

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4
Q

Our free will allows us to decide on things we do depending on the situation. It is our ability to choose between two different possible courses of action, independently. Simply put it, free will is our ability to choose things according to our moral reasoning.

A

Free will

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5
Q

Kinds of Freedom

A

> Physical Freedom
Psychological Freedom
Moral Freedom

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6
Q

Refers to the absence of any physical restraint. The person has the freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants to go. He or she is not impeded in his or her actions by any physical force. Granted that the person has natural limitations, physical freedom allows him or her to act and move in determined manner. You cannot be everywhere at once, but your freedom allows you to move one place to another and to go whenever you want to go.

A

Physical Freedom

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7
Q

It’s is also called the freedom of choice. The person is free to perform actions that he or she considers right and wise. A person is also free to act or not to act. Psychological freedom is innate and cannot be denied to a person. No outside force or influence can compel a person to take action against his or her will.

A

Psychological Freedom

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8
Q

Refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness. Freedom is not an object that a person may use in whatever way he or she pleases. A person must use his or her freedom to grow as a person. A person becomes freer when he or she uses freedom well, but becomes less free when he or she uses it in a bad way. Humans have a natural inclination for what is true and good, and when a person uses his or her freedom to do acts that violates human dignity and goodness, he or she dehumanizes himself or herself and effectively negates human freedom.

A

Moral Freedpm

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9
Q

Two elements that define fredom

A

> Voluntariness
Responsibility

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10
Q

It is the ability of a person to act of his or her own free will and self-determination. A person may decide to do things or not to do it according to his own free will. It also means that even though she/he is not required to do such things he/she could still do it or take action on it.

A

Voluntariness

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11
Q

Are free acts which can be assigned a corresponding moral value. One must always remember that in every action we make, in every choice we make there is an equivalent consequence. These consequences affect not just the individual who does the decision but also other people in their surroundings. With that, one must always accept the consequences that results from his or her decisions or actions and take responsibility for them.

A

Voluntary acts

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12
Q

Important factors to consider in the exercise of freedom

A

> Prudence
Self-reflection

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13
Q

Is the ability to govern and discipline oneself with the use of reason; it is having caution and giving good judgments in making decisions. Because once we made a decision there is no turning back, there is no rewind, so we should always reflect first on the possible outcomes of the choices that we are going to make.

A

Prudence

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14
Q

Allows us to be more rational in making choices, because sometimes human beings tend to be slaves by their emotions and moods whenever they act certain things. As free beings, exercising our freedom responsibly is very important. Thus, it requires us to reflect on the actions that we are going to make by considering its possible effects and the benefits it has to the people affected by it.

A

Self-reflection

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15
Q

Freedom should be exercised with regard for knowledge and truth

A

As a rational beings, it is natural for us to think before we act. We use our freedom to acquire knowledge, which in turn are useful in making right and sound decisions essential in dealing with our life situations.

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16
Q

Freedom should be exercised to uphold the freedom of others

A

Freedom is recognized and guaranteed right for all persons. Meaning, freedom should be enjoyed by all. But it is important to remember that freedom should be exercised not as a tool to restrict the freedom of others, but as a means to enable others to fully enjoy their own freedom.

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17
Q

Exercising Freedom in a Responsible and Beneficial Manner

A

Freedom should be exercised with control and reasonable limits. As humans, we enjoy freedom, but we need to understand that it is not absolute. Meaning, we should exercise our freedom with control and reasonable limits.

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18
Q

The interaction between the Self and the Other is related to the philosophical concept of _____.

A

Intersubjectivity

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19
Q

Similar to the word interpersonal, the word intersubjectivity is also comprise of three groups of letters and/or words, namely:

A

inter = again this is a prefix which means ‘between’
subject = this refers to a person or thing that is being discussed with.
-ity = a suffix used to form nouns which expresses state or condition

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20
Q

Means a condition of relationship between subjects or persons. If I relate with a friend for example, and he or she relates back to me, intersubjectivity occurs. Philosophically, this means that when the Self recognizes the Other and the Other recognizes the Self, intersubjectivity happens.

A

Intersubjectivity

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21
Q

Also carries the meaning of a unique relationship between separate individuals or subjects. When we say unique, we are referring to the relationship that a human person may experience when he or she engages in a very intimate and personal relationship with others.

A

Intersubjectivity

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22
Q

Intersubjectivity or the Self-Other interaction comes in two levels, which are:

A

> First Level
Depper Level

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23
Q

This refers to the awareness of the Self as being seen by Others.

A

Deeper Level

24
Q

These actions of presenting yourself in a certain way when dealing with others or your social context is what we referred to as _____.

A

Seeming

25
Q

Seeming may behave in two forms:

A

> Positive Seeming
Negative Seeming

26
Q

The pleasant behavior we showed when we are in a sacred place or in the presence of a very important person.

A

Positive Seeming

27
Q

being “plastic,” “sipsip” or when expressing manipulative behaviors to promote selfish interests.

A

Negative Seeming

28
Q

Because of our dignity and goodness, our interactions are geared toward what is good and beneficial. This deeper and more genuine interaction is called _____.

A

Dialogue

29
Q

A genuine dialogue is attained when all of the following conditions are present:

A

> When the Self realizes that the Other is a unique or distinct person;
When the two individuals begin to view each other as an Other;
When the two persons truly acknowledging the presence of each other.

30
Q

Ordinarily, we understand dialogue as having any conversation with someone. However, it does not always follow that because when you are talking with someone, you are already in dialogue with him or her. Philosophically, a dialogue can only occur when the words uttered and/or the actions and gestures performed are rooted in one’s inner life or interiority. That is why, only beings with interiority (panloob na buhay) are capable of engaging in dialogue. Here, a person’s words, expressions, and body language becomes the way by which he or she is able to express a part of himself or herself to another person. On the other hand, the person is also capable here of receiving the words, thoughts, emotions, and ideas of another person. A dialogue, therefore, happens when two persons “open up” to each other and give and receive one another in their encounter.

A

Dialogue

31
Q

Another characteristic of meaningful and genuine human relationships is _____.

A

AVailability

32
Q

_____ is the willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another. Filipinos are actually very good at this. For example, if you go to an unfamiliar place and do not know which way to go, normally there are kababayans who will approach you and extend their help to you voluntarily. The concept of availability means that you are willing to be at one’s side twenty four seven.

A

Availability

33
Q

The _____ can help us understand why we need to make ourselves available for others. This understanding encourages individuals to help other people, most especially the least, the lost, and the last because it is our moral obligation to do so.

A

Ethics of care

34
Q

_____ arises when a person stops to view the other as an authentic person and merely considers the other person as a mere object to satisfy his or her personal interests.

A

Alienation

35
Q

Be that as it may, in spite of our negative experiences of human interactions, we are still called to extend our hands in building a _____ _ _____. This is very important especially that our world today seems to be surrounded with all forms of conflicts and violence. We can only do this if we recognize that the other person is the same as ourselves—a person with dignity that needs to be upheld and respected.

A

community of harmony

36
Q

In similar manner, the acts of _____ and _____ all our differences are also beneficial especially in building a community of harmony. Without a doubt harmony is hindered because some people have intentionally refused to accept and embrace our diversity (pagkakaiba-iba). Some individuals, for instance, overemphasize our differences and choose to favor one look, behavior, view, belief, and idea over the other.

A

accepting (pagtanggap) and embracing (pagyakap)

37
Q

In the process, some of those who do not carry the characteristics that are preferred to by the majority in society are the ones who usually receive;

A

rejection (pagtakwil),
discrimination (pagtrato ng hindi pantay),
abuse (pag-abuso),
neglect (pagpabaya),
contempt (pag-alipusta),
and the like

38
Q

Another group of people who are of the same condition with that of the differently-abled persons are the _____. They are called like that because they are poor materially. They are constantly struggling to find means for living.

A

underprivileged (walang kakayahan sa buhay)

39
Q

> Relationships that we experienced in our lives depend on the level of our experience.
- For example, when we were yet a child, we always depended on our family. As we grow older, we start to go with people in the community, from there, we began to relate ourselves with our opposite sex. In our doing such, we exercised our freedom to do what we want to do.
We are capable of establishing society by way of our different relationships with other people such as friendships, alliances or union sharing common territory. Our relationships with other people caused us to survive. We survive because of our parents, our friends and even our neighbours may it be in school or in the workplace.
The education we have starts from our home. Our parents taught us everything they also learned starting from talking, reading and writing, even values, good manners and right conduct. Simple household jobs. This education will continue when we go to school. When we finish our education, we are already equipped with abilities, skills and knowledge for us to become productive members of the society. Therefore, society helps us grow as a better person.

A

Society

40
Q

Types of Societies

A

> Hunting and Gathering Society
Pastoral Society
Horticultural Society
Agricultural Society
Feudal Society
Industrial Society
Post-industrial Society

41
Q

This form of society is recognized as the earliest and the simplest; basically small and composed mostly of families. They are nomadic, meaning, they kept on transferring from one place to another to look for food, thus, they do not have permanent houses. Men are tasked to hunt large animals while women are tasked in the collection of vegetables and other crops.

A

Hunting and Gathering Society

42
Q

This form of society is characterized by the raising (alaga) of animals to supply their food especially in the regions of the world where vegetable growing is not possible. They also engage in buying and selling of goods with other groups.

A

Pastoral Society

43
Q

This form of society engages in the growing of plants, fruits and vegetables. In this society, there is enough food supply. Some members of the society also engage in making crafts and buying and selling of goods.

A

Horticultural Society

44
Q

This form of society grows rice and other crops. They also began to farm and raise animals for food. They lived permanently and improved the technology for farming. Money became a form of exchange for goods and services.

A

Agricultural Society

45
Q

It is a form of society in which the ruler or lord owned all the land while the farmers or laborers farmed it.

A

Feudal Society

46
Q

This society used machineries in the production of goods and services. Through innovations and technological advances, daily activities become easier and the lives of the people become better.

A

Inductrial Society

47
Q

Also known as the virtual (computer) society, people use technology and the Internet to communicate, to engage in business and access different information that can be if used to deal with daily activities.

A

Post-industrial Society

48
Q

are set of traits and behavior that society considers good and acceptable. The society expects us to behave the way it is used to. When we do not obey to the established norms, then we experience punishments for not doing so.

A

Norms

49
Q

_____ are made to provide us proper guidelines to sustain peace and order.

A

Laws

50
Q

_____ means punishment

A

Violation of the law

51
Q

_____ are traditional in nature and do not result in punishment if not followed.

A

Folkways

52
Q

The _____ and _____ are inseparable. One cannot exist without the other. It is a two-way relationship that binds both the person and the society for growth and development. We have our own individual assigned social roles in the society.

A

person and society

53
Q

_____ are set of connected behaviors expected to a certain person.

A

Social roles

54
Q

Individuals with common or similar roles are grouped together to form _____ _____ and eventually the different _____ _____ would become social institutions that include our family, school, government among others.

A

social groups

55
Q

Social roles are set of connected behaviors expected to a certain person. Individuals with common or similar roles are grouped together to form social groups and eventually the different social groups would become _____ that include our _____, _____, _____ _____.

A

social institutions
> family,
> school,
> government among others

Philosophy of the Human Person (2 decks)

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