2ND QUARTER Flashcards
CHEMICAL KINETICS
Concerned with the speeds, or rates, at which a chemical reaction occurs
KINETICS
CHEMICAL KINETICS
General Equation
Reactants -> Products
CHEMICAL KINETICS: FACTORS
The more readily the reactant molecules collide with one another, the more rapidly they react
PHYSICAL STATE
CHEMICAL KINETICS: FACTORS
More particles present increase the chance of molecules colliding
REACTANT CONCENTRATION
CHEMICAL KINETICS: FACTORS
Addition of energy (heat) increases the kinetic energy of molecules
REACTION TEMPERATURE
CHEMICAL KINETICS: FACTORS
Catalysts increase reaction by changing the mechanism of reaction
PRESENCE OF CATALYST
CHEMICAL KINETICS
COLLISION THEORY
Particles must collide
Sufficient Energy
Correct Orientation
CHEMICAL KINETICS
Rate at a specific point in time
Instantaneous Rate
CHEMICAL KINETICS
Average between two instantaneous rates
Average Rate
CHEMICAL KINETICS
A constant of proportionality between the reaction rate and the concentration of reactant
RATE CONSTANT
CHEMICAL KINETICS
Expresses the relationship of the rate of a reaction to the rate constant and the concentrations of the reactants raised to some powers
RATE LAW
CHEMICAL KINETICS
The rate depends on the concentration of a single reactant raised to the first power
FIRST ORDER REACTION
CHEMICAL KINETICS
The rate depends either on a reactant raised to the second power or on the concentrations of reactant each raised to the first power
SECOND ORDER REACTION
CHEMICAL KINETICS
The concentration of any reactant does not affect the rate
ZERO ORDER REACTION
CHEMICAL KINETICS
Overall sum of the order of each reactant
THIRD ORDER REACTION
CHEMICAL KINETICS
Time required for the concentration of a reactant to reach half its initial value
HALF-LIFE
CHEMICAL KINETICS
The concentration of the reactant decreases by one-half in each of a series of regularly spaced time intervals, each interval equal to t ½
FIRST ORDER
CHEMICAL KINETICS
The amount of drug at a specific time point
DIFFERENTIAL RATE LAW
CHEMICAL KINETICS
The amount of drug from initial to a specific time point
INTEGRATED RATE LAW
CHEMICAL KINETIC
Minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed
ACTIVATION ENERGY
CHEMICAL KINETICS: ACTIVATION ENERGY
energy of products is lower than energy of reactants
EXOTHERMIC
CHEMICAL KINETICS: ACTIVATION ENERGY
energy of products is higher than energy of reactants
ENDOTHERMIC
CHEMICAL KINETICS
When you include a catalyst in a specific reaction
CATALYSIS
CHEMICAL KINETICS
Substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed
CATALYST
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
State of a chemical reaction when the concentrations of the products and reactants are unchanged over time
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
EQUILIBRIUM
When a system is at equilibrium, a constant value is established by the multiplicative product of the concentrations of the products then divided by the multiplicative product of the reactants’ concentrations
LAW OF MASS ACTION
EQUILIBRIUM
T OR F:
SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS ARE CONSIDERED IN THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT
FALSE
EQUILIBRIUM
If a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature or total pressure will shift in order to minimize that change
Le Chatelier’s Principle
EQUILIBRIUM
Increase in temperature favors
ENDOTHERMIC
EQUILIBRIUM
Decrease in temperature favors
EXOTHERMIC
EQUILIBRIUM
Increase pressure
TOWARD LESS MOLES
EQUILIBRIUM
Decrease pressure
TOWARDS MORE MOLES
