2nd quarter

Question 1

Independent Variable

Answer 1

Variable being manipulated or changed

Question 2

Dependent Variable

Answer 2

Variable being measured

Question 3

Random sample

Answer 3

each sample in the study has an equal chance of being selected

Question 4

Random Assignment

Answer 4

using chance procedures to assign participants to groups

drawing names from a hat

Question 5

case study

Answer 5

a study about one specific person to analyze a special case

Question 6

Myelin Sheath

Answer 6

layer that forms around axon cells to protect them and help speed up the message

Question 7

axon terminal

Answer 7

button like endings that are responsible for communicating with other cells

Question 8

dendrites

Answer 8

stringy parts of neuron around soma, receives messages from other cells

Question 9

action potential

Answer 9

electrical potential in action

Question 10

sensory/afferent neuron

Answer 10

carry messages from the senses to the spinal cord

Question 11

motor/efferent neuron

Answer 11

carry messages from the spinal cord to the muscles, glands, and interneurons

Question 12

Acetylcholine

Answer 12

chief neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system, can stimulate a response or block a response, learning, memory, muscle contraction

Question 13

dopamine

Answer 13

neurotransmitter involved in mood, attention, movement, and learning

Question 14

serotonin

Answer 14

neurotransmitter that regulates sleep, mood, appetite, and body temperature

Question 15

reuptake

Answer 15

the neuron that sent out the neurotransmitter takes back any leftover neurotransmitter

Question 16

agonist

Answer 16

drugs that mimic a particular neurotransmitter, activate the same receptors, increase effects of neurotransmitter
ex morphine

Question 17

antagonist

Answer 17

drugs that stop a neurotransmitter from reaching the receptor
ex. naloxone

Question 18

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

flight or flight, accelerates heart rate, increases breathing, raised blood pressure, sweating

Question 19

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

calms the body down after flight or flight, decreases function

Question 20

cerebellum

Answer 20

part of the brain that regulates movement, balance, and coordination

Question 21

limbic system

Answer 21

parts of the brain responsible for our emotions and behavior, like flight or flight, and behaviors needed for survival:
hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia

Question 22

thalamus

Answer 22

relays sensory and motor skills, regulates consciousness and alertness

Question 23

ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 23

regulates fear, hunger, temperature, and sexual activity

Question 24

lateral hypothalamus

Answer 24

regulates eating

Question 25

hippocampus

Answer 25

regulates memory and long term storage, part of limbic system

Question 26

amygdala

Answer 26

emotional responses like pleasure, fear, anxiety, and anger. links emotion to memory

Question 27

occipital lobes

Answer 27

responsible for visual perception, including color, form, and motion

Question 28

prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

located at front of frontal cortex, regulates planning and personality development

Question 29

temporal lobe

Answer 29

regulates processing emotions, language, and visual perception

Question 30

broca's area

Answer 30

regulates speech

Question 31

wernicke's area

Answer 31

regulates the understanding of speech

Question 32

plasticity

Answer 32

the brains ability to adapt and change its shape in response to stimuli

Question 33

neural pruning

Answer 33

the brains natural process of eliminating extra synapses from early childhood to adulthood

Question 34

circadian rhythm

Answer 34

physical, mental, and behavioral changes based on a 24 hour schedule ex. sleep

Question 35

activation synthesis theory

Answer 35

says dreams are caused by physiological processes of the brain

Question 36

manifest content

Answer 36

the literal content of the dream

Question 37

latent content

Answer 37

symbolic meaning of the dream

Question 38

barbiturates

Answer 38

sedative drugs

Question 39

narcotics/opiates

Answer 39

substances that dull or accelerate pain and senses

Question 40

hallucinogenics

Answer 40

a psychoactive substance that causes hallucinations

Question 41

Eleanor Gibson

Answer 41

Made many contributions to the field of perception, infant development, and reading Gibsonian theory of ecological development: perception allows us to adapt to our environment

Question 42

Ernst Weber

Answer 42

created the just noticeable difference theory

Question 43

gustav fechner

Answer 43

phsycophysics, a field of study about sensation and the stimuli that create them

Question 44

hubel and wiesel

Answer 44

contributed to the study of visual-information processing

Question 45

absolute threshold

Answer 45

the smallest level of stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time

Question 46

just noticeable difference

Answer 46

the smallest difference between stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time ex. the smallest difference in sound for us to notice a change

Question 47

weber's law

Answer 47

a change in JND will always have a constant ratio with its original stimulus

Question 48

sensory adaptation

Answer 48

the reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus after being exposed to it for a while

Question 49

sensory habituation

Answer 49

occurs when people are put around the same stimulus for a while, and soon begin to stop reacting to it ex. a new ring tone may at first feel different, but soon feels normal

Question 50

selective attention

Answer 50

the ability to choose what you focus on

Question 51

inattentional blindness

Answer 51

if we don't focus on one task, we can miss major events around it ex. texting and driving

Question 52

kinesthesia

Answer 52

awareness of the movement and location of the limbs

Question 53

proprioception

Answer 53

the body's ability to detect its movement, action, and location

Question 54

vestibular sense

Answer 54

allows us to move smoothly, allows us to maintain balance

Question 55

monocular depth clues: linear perspective and interposition

Answer 55

information about the reticular image about depth and distance interposition: relative height linear perspective: texture gradient

Question 56

binocular depth cues: convergence and disparity

Answer 56

information that helps us judge distance convergence: when looking at a close up object, eyes go together disparity: each eye sees a slightly different image because of the 6 cm difference

Question 57

gestalts principles

Answer 57

``` Principle of proximity Principle of closure. Principle of similarity Principle of continuity. Principles of perception Principle of organization Principle of symmetry ```