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Chapter15 Pharmacology > 2nd part > Flashcards

2nd part Flashcards

0
Q

Enteral Routes are?

A

ORAL:by mouth, abbreviated PO;

Most efficient and cost effective method; can be used only if not destroyed by gastric secretions

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1
Q

METHODS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

What are 3 routes?

A

Enteral
Parenteral
Topical

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2
Q

What are 3 enteric routes?

A

Sublingual
Buccal
Rectal

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3
Q

A sublingual drug is placed where?

A

under tongue

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4
Q

The buccal route is placed where?

A

against the cheek until it dissolves

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5
Q

When would we need to give a drug rectally?

A

If patient is unable to retain oral drugs, difficult to determine correct dosage as absorption erratic

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6
Q

Where are topical routes?

A

Directly to skin, eyes, nose and throat

administered respiratory mucosa via inhalation

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7
Q

What is transdermal application?

A

Medicine applied to skin versus debit affect absorbed more slowly and commonly used for chronic pain or cardiac therapy

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8
Q

What is an example of Transdermal application?

A

Nitroglycerin: can give you headache: Make sure NOT to touch

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9
Q

What is Parenteral drug administration?

A

(can be injected into the skin, intravenous (vein) interartial (artery)
Drug penetrating skin
Injection
(Nurses and physicians are the only people that can administer them)

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10
Q

What do needle lengths range from?

A

3/8 to 2 inches

They are made of stainless steel

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11
Q

The name anatomy of a syringe.

A

HUB: part that attaches to the syringe
SHAFT: elongated portion of the needle
LUMEN: Hollow tube running length of shaft
BEVEL: angled up

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12
Q

What is the needle gage determined by?

A

The Viscosity

thickness of fluid

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13
Q

The smaller the lumen equals what type of gauge?

A

larger gauge

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14
Q

What determines the needle length?

A

THe injection area

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15
Q

How do we determine what syringe to use?

A

The usage amount

16
Q

mL is the same thing as what?

A

cc

17
Q

Where do we discard needles?

A

in the sharps container

18
Q

When do we recap a needle?

A

NEVER

19
Q

Where do we hold the needle?

A

by the barrel

20
Q

what is a vial?

A

glass container with rubber stopper in plastic protective cap

(remover plastic cap, check date, time open then clean with alcohol
insert needle into vial, inject air, turn upside down,, pull plunger and tap out air bubbles)

21
Q

Vials are?

A

MULTIDOSE

22
Q

Ampules are?

A

Single dose/use

23
Q

What do you do if ampule shatters?

A

MUST be discarded

24
Q

Where are intramuscular injections done?

A

Dorsal gluteal
Ventrogluteal
Deltoid

(in the muscle)

25
Q

What type of needle do we use for a elderly person and why?

A

A shorter needle because they have lost muscle mass

26
Q

What dosage is given for intramuscular injections?

A

3mL or more

3mL is same as 3cc

27
Q

What is Peripheral Intravenous Drug?

A

One of the most HAZARDOUS routes to drug administration due to directly and circulatory system (bc it goes straight to the heart; then going to the rest of the body
(scope radiographers practice includes venipunture)
(This is the only method by which radiographers can administer contrast media parenterally)

28
Q

What are materials needed for a IV drug administeration?

A

Butterfly needle, tourniquet, antimicrobial swabs, clean gloves, contrast agent drawn up in syringe bag or bottle, IV tubing, IV infusion set, clear adhesive
(Echo contrast administered via IV)

29
Q

Where is venipucture placed?

A

Vein in hand or arm
lower extremity for emergency use due to increased risk of embolus formation(DVT)
DO NOT select of vein over a joint as movement will dislodge

30
Q

what is volar?

A

palm side up of wrist not used due to proximity to radial nerve, which would mean extreme pain

31
Q

VENIPUNTURE

where is basilic and cephalic?

A

Basilic: Under am (base of arm)
Cephalic: on top of arm

32
Q

who is most likely to become dehydrated from contrast media?

A

the elderly

33
Q

What is Intravenous Infusion?

A

Antecubital vein to keep arms straight

Assess for signs of circulatory impairment

34
Q

INTRAVENOUS INFUSION

The accumulation too fast can result in what? and can become?

A

Result in fluid intoxication or pulmonary edema: life-threatening
(do not discontinue infusion without a physician order except for emergencies)
(when transporting pt., unplug IV infusion and plug in immediately when in US room

35
Q

What is a nosocomial infection?

A

Infection acquired DURING MEDICAL CARE
(Hospital, nursing home, or doctors office)
-resulting of organisms becoming RESISTANT to antibiotics
-Infection contracted after birth of infected mother
-Pt. may not develop symptoms until AFTER LEAVING THE FACILITY

Chapter15 Pharmacology (1 decks)

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