2nd Order Systems

Question 1

It measures of how much the response exceeds the ultimate value following a step change

Answer 1

Overshoot = A/B

Question 2

Ratio of the sizes of successive peaks

Answer 2

Decay ratio= C/B

Question 3

A larger z means greater damping, hence greater decay.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Time required for the response to first reach its ultimate value. As z increases, the tr increases.

Answer 4

Rise time (tr)

Question 5

Time required for the response to come within ±5% of its ultimate value and remain there.

Answer 5

Response time

Question 6

Time between peaks.

Answer 6

Period of oscillation (T)

Question 7

Time measurement between two successive peaks without any attenuation (z=0)

Answer 7

Natural period of oscillation (Tn)

Question 8

Correlation between actual and natural frequency

Answer 8

sqrt (1-z^2)

Question 9

Sometimes called dead time or distance velocity

Answer 9

Transportation lag

Question 10

Time needed for a particle of fluid to flow from the entrance of the tube to the exit.

Answer 10

Transportation lag parameter (symbol: tau)

Question 11

time constant: thermometer

Answer 11

mC/hA

A = surface area of the bulb for heat transfer
C = heat capacity of the mercury
m = mass of the mercury
t=time
h = film coefficient of heat transfer

Question 12

time constant: liquid level process

Answer 12

AR

Question 13

time constant: mixing process

Answer 13

V/q

Question 14

time constant: heating process

Answer 14

pV/w

Question 15

The step response is a ramp function that grows without a limit

Answer 15

nonregulating

Question 16

Systems that have a limited change in output for a sustained change in input are said to be

Answer 16

regulated