2nd Nine Weeks Study Guide

Question 1

Instincts

Answer 1

innate tendencies that determine behavior

Question 2

motivation

Answer 2

an internal state that activates behavior and directs it toward a goal

Question 3

fundamental needs

Answer 3

biological drives that must be satisfied to maintain life

Question 4

reliability

Answer 4

the ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions

Question 5

validity

Answer 5

the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure

Question 6

surface trait

Answer 6

a stable characteristic that can be observed in certain situations

Question 7

source trait

Answer 7

a stable characteristic that can be considered to be at the core of personality

Question 8

stress

Answer 8

a person’s reaction to his or her inability to cope with a certain tense event or situation

Question 9

stressor

Answer 9

a stress-producing even or situation

Question 10

distress

Answer 10

stress that stems from acute anxiety or pressure

Question 11

social support

Answer 11

info that leads someone to believe that he/she is cared for, loved, respected, ad part of a network of communication and mutual obligation

Question 12

biofeedback

Answer 12

the process of learning to control bodily states by monitoring the states to be controlled

Question 13

personality disorders

Answer 13

maladaptive/inflexible ways of dealing with others and one’s environment

Question 14

major depressive disorder

Answer 14

a severe form of lowered mood in which a person experienced feelings of worthlessness and diminished pleasure or interest in many activities

Question 15

bipolar disorder

Answer 15

disorder in which an individual alternates between feelings of mania (euphoria) and depression

Question 16

antisocial personality

Answer 16

a personality disorder characterized by irresponsibility, shallow emotions, and lack of conscience

Question 17

conversion disorder

Answer 17

changing emotional difficulties into a loss of a specific voluntary body function (a type of somatoform disorder, hypochondriasis is the other)

Question 18

anxiety

Answer 18

a vague, generalized apprehension or feeling that one is in danger

Question 19

phobia

Answer 19

an intense, irrational fear of a particular object or situation

Question 20

post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 20

disorder in which victims of traumatic events experience the original event in the form of dreams or flashbacks

Question 21

boomerang effect

Answer 21

a change in attitude or behavior opposite of the one desired by the persuader

Question 22

sleeper effect

Answer 22

the delayed impact on attitude change of a persuasive communication

Question 23

stereotype

Answer 23

set of assumptions about people in a given category summarizing our experience and beliefs about groups of people

Question 24

sociogram

Answer 24

a diagram that represents relationships within a group, especially likes and dislikes of members for other members

Question 25

bystander effect

Answer 25

an individual does not take action b/c of the presence of others