2nd midterm Flashcards
A cognitive obstacle that occurs when an individual attempts to apply a routine solution to what is actually a new type of problem.
(a) Functional Fixedness (b) representative heuristic
(c) belief perseverance (d) mental set
(d) mental set
making judgements of likelihood based on how well an example represents a specific category.
e.g. In class we were asked who was more likely to be a short bald man that is into poetry? Truck driver or classical professor. Most people would choose classical professor without the consideration that classical professors have a smaller population as opposed to truck drivers. Therefore, most likely the short bald poet is probably a truck driver.
This type of judgement is based on:
(a) functional fixedness (b) availability heuristic
(c) belief perseverance (d) representative heuristic
(d) representative heuristic
responsible for shifting info from SM to STM
(a) Retrieval (b) encoding (c) working memory
(b)
Recognizing that the quantity of an object does not change despite changes in physical arrangement or appearance is referred to as ________.
(a) object permanence (b)scale comprehension
(c) conservation (d) number sense
c=conservation
Parents who attend to their children’s psychological abilities and guide them through the learning process are using ________.
A scaffolding
B tutoring
C core knowledge
D the zone of proximal development
(a) scaffolding
What is the correct order of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
A Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
B Sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational
C Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
D Preoperational, concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational
C= Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
A child in the sensorimotor stage may quit looking or reaching for a toy if you move it out of sight.This behaviour reflects the fact that the child has not developed ________.
A core knowledge B object permanence C conservation D to the preoperational stage
B=Object permanence
Research on newborns indicates that they have a sense of number and quantity.What does this finding suggest about Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
A It confirms what Piaget claimed about infants in the sensorimotor phase.
B Some infants are born with superior intelligence.
C Piaget may have underestimated some cognitive
abilities of infants and children.
D Culture determines what infants are capable of doing.
C= Piaget may have underestimated some cognitive
abilities of infants and children.
The emotional bond that forms between caregiver and child is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A a love/hate relationship B dependence C attachment D transference
C=attachment
Which of the following factors increases an individual’s risk for illness, heart disease, and even cancer?
A Self-actualization B Loneliness
C Happiness
D Low self-esteem
B=loneliness
Why do people leave relationships that were once loving and supportive?
A There are too many alternative relationship partners to cope with.
B The level of companionate love is not sufficient to maintain the relationship.
C There are too few barriers for leaving the relationship.
D The levels of passionate love are not increasing at a fast enough rate to be satisfying.
C=There are too few barriers for leaving the relationship.
Which of the following is not a component of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome?
A Resistance B Alarm
C Flight
D Exhaustion
C= Flight
Which of the following is a major player in the chemical response comprising the autonomic fight- or-flight stress response system?
A Cortisol
B Epinephrine
C Dopamine D Oxytocin
B=Dopamine
A major difference between the tend-and-befriend stress response and the responses mediated by the autonomic pathway and the HPA axis is that
A the tend-and-befriend response involves cortisol activity.
B men are more likely to express the tend-and- befriend response.
C the tend-and-befriend response facilitates care for offspring and others in a social group.
D the tend-and-befriend response is a negative stress reaction, whereas the autonomic pathway and HPA axis responses are positive reactions.
C=the tend-and-befriend response facilitates care for offspring and others in a social group.
High \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ levels and low \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ levels are associated with elevated stress. A epinephrine; cortisol B epinephrine; oxytocin C cortisol; oxytocin D cortisol; testosterone
C=cortisol; oxytocin
