2ND LANG ACQUISITION

Question 1

Skinner

Answer 1

One of the pioneers of Behaviorism.

Question 2

Behaviorism

Answer 2

Language development by means of environmental influence.

Question 3

Noam Chomsky

Answer 3

The world’s most famous linguist to date.

Question 4

Morphemes

Answer 4

The smallest grammatical markers, or units, in language that alter words.

Question 5

Universal Grammar

Answer 5

A set of innate principles and adjustment parameters that are common to all human languages.

Question 6

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Answer 6

Hard wired (in the brain) ability to learn language/grammar.

Question 7

Innateness Hypothesis

Answer 7

Argues that our ability to acquire

human) language is innate (genetically encoded

Question 8

Theories of Acquisition

Answer 8

Imitation, Reinforcement, Active Construction of a Grammar, and Connectionist Theories.

Question 9

Imitation Theory

Answer 9

Children imitate what they hear.

Question 10

Reinforcement Theory

Answer 10

Children learn through positive and negative

reinforcement

Question 11

Active Construction of Grammar Theory

Answer 11

Children create their own grammar rules.

Question 12

Connectionist Theory

Answer 12

Claims that exposure to language develops and strengthens neural connections.

Question 13

Critical Period Hypothesis

Answer 13

A critical period in development during

which a language can be acquired like a native speaker.

Question 14

Prelinguistic stage of development

Answer 14

Babies make noises, but not yet babbling.

Question 15

Structure Dependency

Answer 15

Language is organized in such a way that it crucially depends on the structural relationships between elements in s sentence.

Question 16

Head Parameter

Answer 16

Specifies the position of the head in relation to its compliments within phrases for different languages.

Question 17

Deep Structure

Answer 17

The core semantic relations of a sentence

Question 18

Surface Structure

Answer 18

The physical properties of a language.

Question 19

Motherese

Answer 19

Focused on maternal input

Question 20

Motherese

Answer 20

Focused on maternal input

Question 21

Language

Answer 21

cognition that distinguishes humans from other species.

Question 22

Cognitive Revolution

Answer 22

the scientific study of the mind as an information processor.

Question 23

Mentalist Emphasis

Answer 23

States that rule learning is over enthusiastic.

Question 24

Linguistic Competency

Answer 24

Concerned with the child’s grammar, linguistic input, and construction of grammatical structures.

Question 25

Performance

Answer 25

Deals with the nature of the child’s rule system.

Question 26

Head first language

Answer 26

English is a head first language because the head of the phrase always appears before its compliment.

Question 27

Head Last Language

Answer 27

Compliments precede the head inside phrases. Japanese is a head last language

Question 28

Syntactic Structures

Answer 28

An influential work in linguistics by American linguist Noam Chomsky, originally published in 1957.

Question 29

Transformations

Answer 29

This procedure gives rise to different sentence structures.

Question 30

Semantic Relations

Answer 30

The associations that exist between the meaning of words.