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Cultural Anthropology > 2nd Exam Review > Flashcards

2nd Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

what is a descent group?

A

A group based on belief in a shared ancestry

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2
Q

Nuclear family

A

Consists of a married couple and their children living together in the same household

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3
Q

Family of orientation

A

the family you are born into a grow up in

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4
Q

family of procreation

A

formed when one marries and has children

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5
Q

what is the most common residence pattern of a U.S. family

A

neolocally

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6
Q

neolocality

A

when married couples live hundreds of miles away from their parents

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7
Q

what is an extended family household?

A

a household that includes three or more generations.

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8
Q

changes in north American kinship

A

23 percent of U.S. households are nuclear.

increasing representation of women in the word force is associated with the rise of marriage age. (21 to 26)

the number of divorced Americans rose from 4.3 million to 22 million in 2005

single-parent families growth exceed population growth

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9
Q

descent group

A

a permanent social unite whos members claim common ancestry

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10
Q

matrilineal descent

A

individuals automatically join mothers descent group when they are born

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11
Q

patrilineal descent

A

individuals automatically join fathers descent group when they are born

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12
Q

unlineal descent

A

descent rule uses only one line

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13
Q

what is a lineage

A

a unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent

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14
Q

what is a clan

A

a descent group that claims common descent from apical ancestor but cannot demonstrate it

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15
Q

ambilineal descent

A

where people choose the descent group to which they belong

membership is fluid, achieved, they can change at any time, they can be in more than one group at the same time.

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16
Q

kinship calculation

A

how people in a society reckon their kin relationships

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17
Q

what is ego?

A

the position from which one views an egocentric genealogy

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18
Q

what is gender?

A

a cultural construction of male and female characteristics

19
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

marked differences in male and female biology

20
Q

what are gender roles

A

tasks and activities that a culture assigns to the sexes

21
Q

what are gender stereotypes?

A

strongly held ideas of characteristics of men and women

22
Q

what is gender stratifcation

A

unequal distribution of rewards between men and womem

23
Q

what is biological determinism

A

only two sexes and genders

determined at birth - natural

patriarchal bias

24
Q

sexual orientation

A

a persons habitual sexual attraction to, and sexual actitivties with persons of opposite sex, same sex, and both sexes

25
Q

what is patriarchy

A

a political system ruled by men in which women have inferior social and political status

26
Q

American patriarchy

A

white supremacy

promote the success of white men.

white women supposed this theory to maintain their own status

excludes and demonizes black and other minority men.

27
Q

what is religion

A

a system of symbols that acts to establish powerful, persuasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a high power/existence.

28
Q

theories of religion

A

religion is a text or performance that is written by the culture that can be interpreted by outsiders.

the use of symbols to create “powerful, persuasive, and long-lasting” concepts of social order, interaction, place, and control.

The use of concepts of the sacred and profane which are identified through symbols.

29
Q

what is universalizing religion?

A

faiths that claim openness to all humans and generally seek to spread their beliefs through conversion.

Christianity, Islam

30
Q

what are ethnic religions?

A

generally associated with a specific territory and cultural group - the person must be born or adopted into the religion

Judaism, Hinduism

31
Q

What are tribal religions?

A

a sub-form of ethnic religions, generally defined by their association with a small group and defines close ties to the natural world

Animism (Africa), Shamanism (native American)

32
Q

what are the four elements of religion

A

cosmology
supernatural
rules
ritual

33
Q

what is cosmology?

A

explanation of the origin and history of the world and people

34
Q

what is supernatural?

A

an expectation of a realm behind human familiarity

35
Q

what is “rules”?

A

proper conduct for individuals and societies

36
Q

what is a ritual?

A

practices and ceremonies used to teach and enforce the other elements

37
Q

what are the practices of rituals?

A

rituals are formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped, processes that are performed in sacred places and at set times.

they convey information about the participants and their traditions

38
Q

what is liminality?

A

part of every rite of passage, invovles the temporary suspension and even reversal of everyday social distinctions

39
Q

what are communities? (rites of passage)

A

refers to collective liminality characterized by enhanced feelings of social solidarity, equality, and togetherness.

40
Q

what is a leveling mechanism?

A

a custom that brings standouts back in line with community norms

41
Q

what are the four types of RELIGION?

A

shamans -part time magic-religious practitioner

communal religions - based on community rituals

olympian - state religions with professional priesthood

monotheism - worship of a single supreme being

42
Q

what are the world’s largest religions?

A

Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Chinese traditional religion
Buddhism

43
Q

what are syncretisms?

A

a cultural mix, including religious blends, that emerge when two or more cultural traditions come into contact.

Cultural Anthropology (1 decks)

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