2nd Class Flashcards
0
Q
Octreotid
A
A= antidiarrheal, somatostatin analog, synthetic octapeptide B= replacement therapy of somatostatin: inhibits secretion of numerous hormones incl gastrin, CCK, glucagon, GH, 5-HT + reduces intestinal fluid and pancreatic secretion + slows GIT motility+ reduces portal and splanchnic blood flow + inhibits secretion of some anterior pituitary hormones C= acromegaly, pituitary tumors, control of acute blessings from esophageal varicose veins, GIT neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid&VIPoma), diarrhea caused by NET!, pancreatic fistulas
1
Q
Somatotropin
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A= anterior pituitary recombinant GH B= replacement therapy of GH, required during childhood and adolescence for attainment of normal adult size, bone density and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The growth promoting effects are mediated via and increase in the production of IGF-1 (=somatomedin C) which stimulates bone growth and has anabolic effects C= congenital or acquired GH deficiencies,: Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, idiopathic short stature
3
Q
Bromocriptine
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A= sympathomimetics, D2 receptor agonist, ergot alkaloid B= agonizes D2 receptors --> inhibits adenylyl cyclase--> suppresses pituitary secretion of prolactin and GH+ mimics dopaminergic actions in CNS C= Parkinson's disease, prolactinemia acromegaly
4
Q
Follitropin
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A= recombinant FSH, gonadotropin B= agonizes FSH receptors and mimics the effects of endogenous FSH (exerts their effects via Gprotein coupled receptors) directly stimulates follicle development by conversion by granulosa cells of androgens to estrogens. In males FSH reulates spermatogenesis C= To induce ovulation in women with anovulation secondary to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (with LH treatment), polycystic ovarian syndrome + controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted repr tech procedures, male infertility
5
Q
Lutropin
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A= recombinant LH, gonadotropin B= agonist at LH receptors on theca cells and leydig cells and activates them (which activates adenylyl cyclase which in turn activates many other pathways leading to steroid hormone production) C= stimulation of follicular development (together with follitropin) and LH deficiencies, e.g. due to pituitary insufficiencies
6
Q
Choriogonadotropin
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A= recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin, gonadotropin B= agonsit at alpha subunits of LH receptors and mimics the effects of endogenous LH: stimulates androgen production by theca cells in follicular stage and in the luteal phase it promotes production of estrogen and progesteron C= initiation of ovulation during controlled ovulation hyperstimulaton and ovarian follicle development in women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
7
Q
Ganirelix
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A= (Superagonist)gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist (GNRH receptor blocker) B= blocks GnRH receptors--> reduces endogenous production of LH and FSH C= prevention of premature LH surges during controlled ovulation hyperstimulation, assisted reproduction to control ovulation, fertility treatment, early puberty
8
Q
Goserelin
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A=(superagonist) anticancer drug, hormone preparation, synthetic GnRH analog
B= agonist at GnRH receptors–> increases LH and FSH secetrion with intermittent administration. Reduces LH and FSH with prolonged administration (due to decreased receptor sensitivity)
C= gonadal suppression in male with prostate cancer, in women with assited reproduc tech therapies, endometriosis, uterine leiomyomata, early puberty, male infertility, controlled ovulation hyperstimulation
9
Q
Oxytocin
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A= posterior pituitary hormone B= stimulates SMC to facilitate ejection of breast milk (cause contraction of myoepithelial cells) and induces uterine contractions. Oxytocin acts through Gprotein coupled receptors and the phosphoinositide-calcium 2nd messenger system to promote uterine contractions. Also stimulates the releae of PGs and leuktrienes. C= post-partum hemorrhage, induction of labor for e.g. medical reasons or in hypotonic uterine inertia, misscarriage treatment
10
Q
Levothyroxin
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A= thyroid (T3) supplement/replacement therapy B= activates certain nuclear receptors which results in gene expression with subsequent protein synthesis of molecules to increase cellular metabolism, and play important roles in growth and development of CNS and bone functions, food metabolism and body temperature etc C= hypothyroidism, myxedema coma, diffuse non-toxic goitre, hashimotos thyroditis, thyroid carcinoma
11
Q
Thiamazol
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A= anti-thyroid preparate B= inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormones by inhibiting oxidative binding of iodine and its coupeling to tyrosine residues. Also inhibits thyroperoxidase which normally oxidize iodides to iodine C= hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis
12
Q
Insulin lisprum
A
A= fast acting and short acting semisynthetic insulin
B=binds insulin receptors on cells and activates them –> reduces circulation glu levels and promotes glucose transport and oxidation. Influences glycagon, lipid, CH and protein metabolism and synthesis
C= diabetic ketoacidosis, DM 1,2
13
Q
Insulin humanum
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A= intermediate acting, semisynthetic insulin B= stimulates ch metabolism and facilitates glu transfer into cells; cardiac muscles, skeletal muscles, adipocytes and promotes conversion of glucose-->glycogen (mimics endogenous insulin) C= gestational diabetes, DM 1,2
14
Q
Insulin glarginum
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A= long acting semisynthetic insulin
B=binds insulin receptors on cells and activates them –> reduces circulation glu levels and promotes glucose transport and oxidation. Influences glycagon, lipid, CH and protein metabolism and synthesis
C= DM 1,2
15
Q
Glimepiride
A
A= hypoglycemic agent, 2nd genereation sulfonylurea B= stimulates the release of insulin from fucntioning Beta cells of pancreas --> lowers glucose levels ( closes potassium channels in the Beta cells and by reducing the potassium efflux causes opening of calcium channels causing depolarization of the cells and release of their contents). increases glycogen, fat and protein synthesis C= DM2
