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research for stem. > 2nd A.T rev. > Flashcards

2nd A.T rev. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of data analysis?

A
  • descriptive
  • inferential
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2
Q

The measures of central tendency is under what type of data analysis?

A

descriptive analysis

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3
Q

True or false: Central tendency is useful, but it fails to account for the general distribution of data.

A

True

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4
Q

Complete the statement.

The measure of central tendency of a distribution summarizes the data set…

A

into a single figure representing the data set

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5
Q

What do measures of dispersion describe?

A

How similar the data are in a set.

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6
Q

What is another term for measures of dispersion?

A

measures of variability

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7
Q

How is the dispersion of data related to the homogeneity of data?

A
  • more similar data = lower dispersion
  • less similar data = higher dispersion
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8
Q

What are the three measures of central tendency?

A
  • mean
  • median
  • mode
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9
Q

Explain the two types of data.

A
  • ungrouped data (raw data)
  • grouped data (presented in tables)
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10
Q

Through which table are data usually turned into grouped data?

A

frequency table

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11
Q

What is a mode?

A

It is the most frequent item in your data set.

A data set may be unimodal, bimodal, trimodal, or have no mode at all.

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12
Q

What is a mean?

A

It’s the sum of all values divided by the total number of values.

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13
Q

What is a median?

A

It is the middle number in an ordered dataset.

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14
Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

N or n

A

total number of values under frequency

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15
Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

C

A

group width

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16
Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

L or Lmd

A

lowest boundary of the modal or median class

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17
Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

f or fmd

A

frequency of the modal or median group

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18
Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mode or Median

F or fmd-1

A

cumulative frequency of groups before modal or median group

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mean

x̄

Ungrouped

A

sample mean

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21
Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mean

Σxi

Ungrouped

A

summation of the items in the data set

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22
Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mean

n

Ungrouped

A

number of items in the data set

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23
Q

Identify the given symbol or variable. | Mean

x

Grouped

A

average of the class boundaries

24
Q

What is the formula when finding the mean for ungrouped data?

A

x̄ = (Σxi/n)

25
Q

What is the formula when finding the mean for grouped data?

A

x̄ = (Σf*x)/n

26
Q

What is range?

A
  • Ungrouped data: It is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set
  • Grouped data: It is the difference between the upper boundary of the highest class interval and the lower boundary of the smallest class
27
Q

What does MAD stand for?

A

Mean Absolute Deviation

28
Q

What does the mean absolute deviation (MAD) measure?

A

The average distance of each observation away from the mean of the data.

29
Q

How is the formula for the ungrouped data’s MAD different from that of the grouped data’s?

A

Instead of the absolute value of the difference between the raw data and sample mean, the summation of the frequency multiplied to the aforementioned variables is executed.

30
Q

What is a standard deviation?

A

It measures the average deviation of observations from the mean, and it is the most common measure of disperson used in research.

31
Q

In statistics, which type of standard deviation is commonly used?

A

s for sample

32
Q

What is the formula for finding the standard deviation in ungrouped data?

A
  • n>30 has s = √(Σ(xi-x̄)^2)/n)))
  • n<30 = √(Σ(xi-x̄)^2)/n-1)))
33
Q

What is variance?

A

It is the square of the standard deviation (s^2).

34
Q

The data can only be categorized.

A

Nominal Level

35
Q

The data can be categorized and ranked

A

Ordinal Level

36
Q

The data can be categorized, ranked, and evenly spaced

A

Interval Level

37
Q

The data can be categorized, ranked, evenly spaced, and has a natural zero

A

Ratio Level

38
Q

You can categorize your data by labelling them in mutually exclusive groups, but there is no order between the categories.

A

Nominal Level

39
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

ethnicity

A

nominal

40
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

car brands

A

nominal

41
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

gender

A

nominal

42
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

marital status

A

nominal

43
Q

You can categorize and rank your data in an order, but you cannot say anything about the intervals between the rankings.

A

Ordinal Level

44
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

top 3 medallists in a race

A

ordinal

45
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

level of an ability

A

ordinal

46
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

Likert-type questions
(least likely to most likely)

A

ordinal

47
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

personality inventories

A

interval

48
Q

You can categorize, rank, and infer equal intervals between neighboring data points, but there is no true zero point.

A

Interval Level

49
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

test scores

A

interval

A zero on a test is arbitrary; it does not mean that the test-taker has an absolute lack of the trait being measured.

50
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

temperature

A

interval

Zero degrees is defined differently depending on the scale – it doesn’t mean an absolute absence of temperature.

51
Q

You can categorize, rank, and infer equal intervals between neighboring data points, and there is a true zero point.

A

Ratio Level

52
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

weight

A

ratio

53
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

temperature in Kelvin

A

ratio

54
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

age

A

ratio

55
Q

Identify which level of measurement should be used given the idea below.

height

A

ratio

research for stem. (3 decks)

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