2nd 10

Question 1

a medium of sending and receiving
information through various
means.

Answer 1

Communication

Question 2

● Large consumers of space. ● Lowest level of physical constraints
among transportation modes.
● Environmental constraints are significant
in road construction.
● Average operational flexibility (vehicles
can serve several purposes).

Answer 2

Road Transportation

Question 3

History ● The first land roads were trails (hunting). ● With the first nation-states trails started to be used
for commercial purposes.
● Domestication of animals such as horses, mules and
camels.
● Wheeled vehicles encouraged construction of better
roads.

Answer 3

Road Transportation

Question 4

Scottish engineer blank developed a process:
○ Hard and waterproof road surfaces made by cemented crushed
stone, bound together either with water or with bitumen.
○ Improved the reliability and the travel speed on roads.

Answer 4

McAdam

Question 5

National highway systems * Road development accelerated in
blank
* American Interstate highway system: * Initiated in 1956. * About 56,000 km was built from the 1950s to
the 1970s.
* Additional 9,000 km

Answer 5

after WWII.

Question 6

• Composed of a traced path on which
  are bound vehicles.
• Average level of physical constraints:
• Linked to the types of locomotives.
• Affected by the gradient.
• Heavy industries are traditionally linked
  with rail transport systems.

Answer 6

Rail Transportation

Question 7

Overview * Single purpose: carry one commodity from a
location to another.
* Built largely with private capital: * Has to be in place before any revenues are
generated; significant capital commitment.
* Large quantities of products where no other
feasible means of transport (usually water) is
available.

Answer 7

Pipelines

Question 8

Two main products dominate pipeline traffic:

Answer 8

• oil and gas
• 17% of all tons-km in the US

Question 9

Domains of maritime circulation * Geographical by its physical
attributes: * 71% of the terrestrial surface.
* Strategic by its control.

Answer 9

Water Transport

Question 10

Passengers are taken on trips of various durations, usually over
several days.

People are carried across relatively short bodies of water in a
shuttle-type service. Tend to be small and fast vessels.

Allow cars, trucks and trains to be loaded directly on board.

The largest are the car carriers that transport vehicles from assembly plants to the main markets.

Answer 10

Cruise Ships

Passenger Ferries

RORO Vessels