2nd 10 Flashcards
the BLANK BLANK plays an important role in nutrient absorption, and the BLANK BLANK helps in the elimination of waste.
Small intestine
Large Intestine
Digesting plant material is not easy because
plant cell walls contain the polymeric sugar molecule called BLANK
Cellulose
Pseudo-ruminants have a three-chamber stomach in the digestive system. However, their BLANK—a pouched organ at the beginning of the large intestine containing many microorganisms that are necessary for the digestion of plant materials—is large and is the site where the roughage (fiber) is fermented and digested.
These animals do not have a rumen but have a BLANK, BLANK, BLANK
cecum
omasum, abomasum, and reticulum.
The BLANK BLANK BLANK is designed to facilitate the transformation of food matter into the nutrient components that sustain organisms.
vertebrate digestive system
There are three major glands that secrete saliva—the blank, blank, and blank
Parotid, the submandibular, and the sublingual.
Saliva contains mucus that moistens food and buffers the pH of the food. Saliva also contains
BLANK and BLANK, which have antibacterial action to reduce tooth decay by inhibiting growth of some bacteria.
Saliva also contains an enzyme called BLANK BLANK that begins the process of converting starches in the food into a disaccharide called BLANK.
immunoglobulins and lysozymes
Salivary amylase
Maltose
The chewing and wetting action provided by the teeth and saliva prepare the food into a mass called the BLANK for swallowing. The tongue helps in
swallowing—moving the (1) from the mouth into the pharynx.
Bolus
The pharynx opens to two passageways: the blank, which leads to the lungs, and the , which blank leads to the stomach.
The trachea has an opening called the blank, which is covered by a cartilaginous flap called the blank. When swallowing, the (2) closes the (1) and food passes into the esophagus and not the trachea.
This arrangement allows food to be kept out of the trachea.
trachea
esophagus
glottis
epiglottis
BLANK is a tubular organ that connects the mouth to the stomach. The chewed and softened food passes through the (1) after being swallowed. The smooth muscles of the (1) undergo a series of wave like
movements called BLANK that push the food toward the stomach and is unidirectional—it moves food from the mouth to the stomach, and reverse movement is not possible.
Esophagus
peristalsis (involuntary reflex; it takes
place in response to the act of swallowing.)
A ring-like muscle called a BLANK forms valves in the digestive system.
In response to swallowing and the pressure exerted by the bolus of food, this (1) opens, and the bolus enters the stomach.
When there is no swallowing action, this (1) is shut and prevents the contents of the stomach from traveling up the esophagus.
Sphincter (gastro-esophageal sphincter is located at the stomach end of the
esophagus.)
